MKT Unit 5 DB

Nowadays there are many more marketing channels available than there were 15, or even ten years ago.   Now a company can market their products by means of a wide variety of channels open to them such as banners, video, wireless, desktop applications, etc – in addition to the more traditional marketing channels of print media and television. Marketing is a very important function which plays a role in strategic planning as it has a direct effect upon profitability and sales.   Larger businesses will dedicate specific staff and departments for marketing purposes, but it is not something that should be carried out in isolation from the rest of the business.   The departments need to work together in order for strategic planning and techniques to be successful (GCSE, 2006) Let’s take a look at how Sony may consider marketing its new PlayStation 3 (PS 3), which is to be launched in a couple of weeks in America.   It has already begun the marketing campaign with a pre product launch press release, wherein it allowed journalists to test the product.   This would be an effective strategy as it would enhance the mystery and curiosity surrounding the product. I think other channels which would be most effective in the marketing of this product would be all of the new channels listed above – banners, video, wireless, desktop applications, as well as television and the printed media, as long as the programs and publications used are aimed at the younger generation.     Retail outlets would also have their own promotional material such as posters and cardboard cutouts on display.   Sony could refer back to successes that they had in the marketing of the Sony Playstation 2, considering that according to them, an incredible 74 million Playstation 2s have been consumed – a figure trumped by sales of the two iterations of the original PlayStation hardware, now standing at 100 million. (Spong, 2006) References GCSE, 2006, retrieved 26 Oct 2006 from the website http://64.37.122.55/business/gcse/marketing_role_in_business.htm Spong, 2006, retrieved 26 Oct 2006 from the website http://news.spong.com/article/7902?cb=114

The Kiss of Death

It began with the porch steps. Or maybe it began with the laziness of the man living in the house to which these steps led. Either way both are very important for this story. The Higgs couple lived in a small house in a quiet neighbourhood by the road. It may have seemed at first sight that Mr. And Mrs. Higgs got on well as a couple. However the truth was very different. Mr. Higgs was a jealous man. Mrs. Higgs was a hospital nurse and often had to work over night. This meant the two of them never got to see much of each other. Mrs. Higgs came home in the morning at about the time when Mr. Higgs left for work. It was the same in the evenings, Mrs Higgs leaving the house for work only to meet her husband coming in. Not knowing for sure where his wife was over night Mr. Higgs often got very suspicious of his wife having an affair. It was a Tuesday morning Mr. Higgs, alone in the house, looking out the window at the snowed-in drive, thinking what his wife might be doing right now. Paranoid thoughts were once again chasing through his head. But a plan was already taking shape in his mind. He would come home from work earlier than usual today and see whether his wife had someone in the house. If yes he certainly wouldn't hesitate to punish her. Pondering on a suitable punishment he turned to other things that needed to be done that morning. Apart from the usual, he had to clear the porch, the steps leading up to the porch and the walkway of snow. This was a chore Mr. Higgs despised. He hated having to trudge up and down in the snow, wielding his shovel while more and more fresh snow fell. Mr. Higgs hated winter and anything that went with it. He decided not to shovel the snow that morning. Mr. Higgs left the house at about quarter to eight. He locked the door and carefully walked across the porch and down the three steps. They did seem to be a little slippery and Mr. Higgs once again considered clearing them of that wretched snow. No, it could wait besides he would be late for work. He walked over to the gate, got in his car and drove off to work. Mrs. Higgs came home at half past eight. She took a shower, made herself some breakfast and then sat down into an armchair with a book. She wasn't expecting anyone. She knew about Mr. Higgs's suspicions but they were all false. She wouldn't be surprised if he came marching in at that very moment demanding where she hid her secret lover and then went on a rampage around the house searching closets, and wardrobes. She smiled to herself at the thought of that happening. Her smile didn't last long. At that moment a loud thump came from outside. Henry the postman opened the Higgs's gate. The Higgs couple didn't have a mailbox hanging on the gate. Instead they chose to place directly on the main door. Probably so they wouldn't have to walk that far when retrieving their mail. Lazy. He went through the gate and strode across the garden toward the Higgss' door. â€Å"Couldn't even take care of the snow, people these days†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This was probably one of Henry's last thoughts because as he was about to take the third step up the small stairs leading to the porch his foot slipped and Henry the postman fell to the ground, hitting his head on the porch steps with a loud thump. Mrs. Higgs sat there, waiting for her husband to come bursting through the door. When the door remained closed she walked forward and threw it open only to find not her husband but the local postman sprawled on the porch steps. Luckily for Henry Mrs. Higgs was a nurse and knew exactly what to do in such a situation. She crouched down next to him and reached out looking for a pulse. There it was, slow but steady. Henry the postman was still alive. His breathing seemed to be weak and irregular. She would have to resuscitate It was about at this moment that Mr. Higgs's car came to a halt in front of the house. Unfortunately Mrs. Higgs didn't notice instead she leaned over Henry's body, her lips touched his and as she exhaled air was pushed into his lungs. By this time Mr. Higgs had gotten out of his car and all his attention was on his wife kissing the local postman that was laying there on the porch. Mr. Higgs opened the gate, stepped through and closed it forcefully behind him. The clash of the gate made Mrs. Higgs look up. She immediately realized what she is doing must look like. She stood up and took a few steps down the stairs and into the garden toward her husband. Behind her Henry was waking, lifting his head, dazed. â€Å"I know what this must look like Paul, but it's nothing like that† Mrs. Higgs stuttered. â€Å"He slipped and fell. I was giving him the kiss of life.† Mr. Higgs stood there staring into her eyes â€Å"It might have been the kiss of life for him but it's the kiss of death for you.† It was the way he said it, a slow deliberate growl that made Mrs. Higgs react the way she did. Turning back toward the house she ran. Mr. Higgs didn't say anything to warn or stop her. He knew she wouldn't get far. Mrs. Higgs running back to the house forgot all about how slippery the porch steps were. She was almost on the third step when her foot shot from under her. Mr. Higgs watched as if in slow motion as Mrs Higgs turned in the air and fell, hitting her head on the bottom stair. There was a sickening crunch and then silence. It ended as it began, with the porch steps.

Key Characteristics of Natural Knibbles Orientation Program Essay - 1

Key Characteristics of Natural Knibbles Orientation Program - Essay Example The researcher states that since the organization was trying to expand its markets by penetrating into new markets and improving on its profit margins, this required modifying its human resource strategies as well. The main focus was given on improving on employee productivity and performance by making them more efficient. Thus the orientation program was also found to be characterized by changes in the existing equipment and systems and changes in the production processes. The orientation program also demonstrates a training centric approach taken by the management to help employees adapt to the new work structures, equipment, work procedures, and processes. The objective was to equip employees with optimum resources and technologies so that they could use them efficiently and yield the result that was desired in the organization. This is because the new strategic direction that Natural Knibbles had undertaken required the organization’s workforce to attain a greater and a hi gher performance level, Thus it is seen that all key activities of the company were aimed towards aligning organizational functioning with its long-term objectives. Since both Kane and Liza were new in the organization, they were required to be made aware of the organizational goals and objectives clearly before they were introduced to the work procedures. More importantly, they needed to be acclimatized with the work culture existing within the organization and adapt themselves to the same. In other words, they required proper induction training in which they would be informed about the employer’s business, the various terms and conditions of their services and clear idea about the duties and responsibilities that they would have to deliver. Since Kane was without any tertiary qualification, on the job training would be the optimum best option for him. However, this would have to be an experienced instructor who would be only involved with every small detail and requirements in the process. The buddy system does not appear to be optimum because although he would have the requisite knowledge and experience about the job, he would also have his own set of regular responsibilities.

Critical reading choose any topic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical reading choose any topic - Term Paper Example e of the former attributes of the physical anthropology had to be replaced during the changes such as the biological determinism and the social implications. The examination of the science of race was started during World War 1 as the tensions increased between the groups fighting and sympathy from AAA begun the first process of change. What is shocking with this particular reason for change was the fact that there were still underlying tensions even after the change between some of the races and which is still in existence to date which means further changes in the scientific field needs to be researched and examined (Little & Kennedy, 2010). It is the different population thoughts and influences that begun the demise process of the race in the old physical anthropology. Scientists took over the anti-race campaign and especially the biological determinism issue and focus seemed to shift to population as a whole and the social issues they faced such as equality and financial issues. All this has continued to evolve and change for a long time now and is still in the process of being fully cemented. The fact that anthropologists seems to frequently agree and disagree with each other and with other people as well as the population in general is the root cause of the changes taking too long to be adopted in the new physical anthropology (Sandford, 2008). Once the population started being examined as a whole, the issue of modernism and how to synthesis modernism into the anthropological aspects started developing and have been adopted to replace the race. This is actually a good move according to (Erickson & Murphy, 2008) because it incorporates well with the modern changes taking place in the society and hence the social influences that led to the changes in the first place will be readopted in future bearing in mind the modern changes. With the population being subjected and opened up to the idea of adopting changes, they will fill perfectly with especially the

Commonwealth bank of Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Commonwealth bank of Australia - Essay Example It is approximately one century since this giant financial institution was formed by the Australian government. However it is currently owned by private investors owing to the move by the Australian government to privatize the bank in 1996. Commonwealth Bank of Australia has continued to expand its operations in various regions through acquisitions, joint partnership and takeover. Commonwealth Bank steady performance in the industry is attributed to a wide range of strategies that include customer satisfaction, business banking, technology and operational excellence, profitable growth as well as trust and team spirit1. From the financial point of view it is evident that Commonwealth Bank has emerged strongly from a humble beginning to be a profitable banking institution in Australia. This clam can be justified by the fact that the Group’s net earnings after tax for the financial year ended 2011/12 hit $6,394 million which is 13% increase compared to the previous year. The Grou p recorded 18.4% and 411.2 cents on Return on equity and Earnings per share respectively. This was a 12% increase compared to prior financial year. The Group declared a final dividend of $ 1.88 per share which was an 11% increase compared to previous financial year2. ... re 10198 Home loans 335841 Construction 3199 Personal 17968 Asset financing 9584 Other commercial and industrial 106762 RATIO’s OF BANK EXAMPLE: RISK RATIO ANALYSIS FOR COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA BANK OVER THE PERIOD 2010 TO 2010 Ratio Ratio formula Actual figures for Year †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(previous year) ($M) Ratio answer for Year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (previous year) Actual figures for Year †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦( current year) ($M) Ratio answer for Year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (current year) Source of information in annual report Comments Interest margin Interest revenue – interest expenses Average earning assets 32,215 – 20,293 553,735 0.02 37,304 – 24,697 576,369 0.02 Income statement p98 and note 2 page 119. The interest margin remain staeble over the two financial period owing to effective risk management strategies Net margin (after Tax) Operating profit after tax Interest income + non-interest income 5,680 32, 215+ 7,366 0.14 6,410 37,304 + 6,790 0.15 Income statement p98 and note 2 p119 The increase in net margin is as a result of Loans, bills discounted and other receivables Asset utilization Interest income + non-interest income Assets 32, 215+ 7,366 646,330 0.06 37,304 + 6,790 667,899 0.07 Income statement p98 and balance sheet p100 The increase in asset utilization ration indicates that the groups management effectively utilized the groups assets . Return on assets Operating profit after tax Equity 5,680 35,570 0.16 6,410 37,287 0.17 Income statement p98 and balance sheet p100 The increase in the return on assets ratio is attributable to the significant increase in the groups long-term assets Leverage multiplier Assets Equity 646,330 35,570 18 667,899 37,287 17 Balance sheet p100 The reduction in the ratio indicates that the group has reduced the level of debt used to finance its capital structure

Art and the Patron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art and the Patron - Essay Example In the dying embers of this world, artists began to come into fashion, creating a refined position within culture. Artists have been subject to the morality, philosophy, and social construction of their time and American artists have had to navigate these frameworks in order to find their place within the cultural context. Art has had to balance a double sided card for most of its existence, the expression of the artist tempered by the desires of the patron or authority over the artist to dictate the theme and representations that the artist uses. It is a rare moment in time when an artist has true control over those things that he or she wishes to depict within his or her art. The hidden elements that are not always obvious to the patron or the controlling party have been one of the joys that artists have been able to use to express their individual point of view within a dictated framework. As time has progressed, the types of hold that patrons have had over the theme and content o f the work has changed, but artists are often subjected to control in order to appease those who are willing to support their work. The privilege of total freedom is rare and has been denied to artists even within the expectations placed upon American art. The nature of artistic freedom has been subjected to morality, flattery, and the need to represent themes that suited the national rhetorical discourse. The economic needs of the individual to survive have been in tension with the need to express artistic vision throughout history. In New England in the 17th century, the trend of portraiture followed from England as a form of artistic employment, artists needing the patronage of those who desired their portraits to be done by them in order to create a form of wage for their work. Craven (1998) discusses the idea that the concept of the portrait as a commercial product was dependent upon a sufficient number of elite in the region who were willing to spend money on such a transactio n. He goes on to discuss how very talented artists came to American with the realization that their former training and income resource was likely to not be profitable enough in the new land in order to make a living so they were forced to take on other similar work such as painting signs or the interiors of houses. Because of the influx of immigrants that were of Dutch origins, there is evidence of the influences of Dutch portraiture aesthetics in many of the works from the 17th century American artists. Therefore, there is a long history of competent and extensive studies on Dutch art from American scholars (Liedtke, 2000). The influences of Dutch portraiture can be seen in the beginnings of a developing style in early American-European settlements as in evidence by the Freake portraitures. According to Roark (2003) the Freake portraits, done by an unknown artist, is the largest existing collection of artworks from this region and from this time in American history. The paintings share similar characteristics that suggest training in the art of portraiture as well as a defined perspective on how to represent the individual. Craven (1998) discusses the nature of the paintings in reference to the way in which they make social statements about the subjects of the paintings, the hair of the patriarch of the family, John Freake wore his hair naturally and shoulder

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Performance Management System of Essay

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Performance Management System of the Riyadh City - Essay Example Many countries all over the world have authorized the development and implementation of performance measurement systems in public sector organisations such as the use of performance plans annually to measure goals and performance levels against the actual performance of public sector members (Radin 2000). The paper focuses on how the Riyadh City Council demonstrates their performance management practices and standards as they develop ways on improving necessary areas and responding to important issues. Research Context Performance management is primarily known to be a process that encourages collaboration for the members of the local administration. For the Riyadh City Council, they have encountered a number of concerns that must be addressed though performance management standards and practices. For instance, they have experienced problems with improving the methods for keeping up with rapid changes such as civilizational shifts or new lifestyles among community members (Al-Nuaim 20 01). Moreover, most often, the public’s opinion on the policies implemented by the City Council as well as on the implementation of projects and activities, and the performance of the governing body, has created difficulties for mayors and the rest of the administration in developing their community (Al Riyadh 2004). Because of these, the Riyadh City Council has aimed to boost their performance by focusing on the capability of their workforce, enhancing their projects by being consistent with the community’s needs, and providing their administration with the necessary procedural and managerial specialisations. One weak point that the local city councils in Riyadh has demonstrated is that they are not very capable of integrating various departments for planning and implementation, hence, reducing their likelihood for accomplishing main goals. The Royal Decree No. 5 in Riyadh has mandated the division of municipalities and villages along with the regulations and function s that go with them. Although municipalities have been given administrative and financial autonomy with which authorities and obligations are extended, regional decentralization has not been fully achieved through the administrations’ actual performance. Moreover, mayors and deputy directors lack the proper guidance and follow-up measures in securing the coordination of administrative practices and activities, and maintaining a good level of performance and usage of performance management approaches. Research Aim The main aim of the paper is to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the performance management system of Riyadh City Council. Research Question What are the strengths and weaknesses of the performance management system of Riyadh City Council? Research Objectives 1) To determine the strengths and weaknesses of the performance management system of Riyadh City Council; 2) To ascertain which facets of the performance management system are correlated with overall pe rceived effectiveness of the system; and 3) To put forth recommendations for improving the performance management system of Riyadh City Council. Review of Related Literature The local and municipal government of Riyadh has aimed to improve and develop their local community by reaching out to the public as well as understanding and finding solutions to various problems. This ability occurs by allowing the local administration to interact with the

Deepening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Deepening - Essay Example This has been interpreted differently, while there are some that have assimilated, some did not have the capacity to go through the assimilation process. This kind of individuals, eventually gave up and held up to their familiar ways of life. We begin with a story comprising of two close friends, Amy and Jeehynum, who have had similar experiences in high school. At the beginning, the two friends separated, and one travelled to Korea. It is apparent that the two have been friends from their childhood days, and their friendship culminates in high school, at a stage where their lives are close together. The future is uncertain, and the two do not know what to expect when they relocate to a different environment. For Amy, she has a different experience in regards to her college life, which makes her get filled up with mixed reactions, as events unfold. However, she starts off nicely, gets new friends and finally begins to catch up with the new environment. For Jeehyun, college years have been tough, and most of the times she would often try to assimilate into the environment with no much progress. It is evident that the two friends are experiencing culture shock; a situation in which a person feels disoriented as a result of being exposed to a new way of life. There are many causes, of this scenario, the notable and most familiar one being, when an individual is exposed to a foreign land (Ward, Bochner, and Furnham). Culture shock is addressed in four defining stages, these are honeymoon, negotiation, adjustment and mastery. The honeymoon stage comprises of a healthy view of the differences that are evident in the subjects. The strange land at this stage seems to be good and at times adventuress. It is at this stage, where the subjects would find nationals that are familiar and at times speak their language. This stage does not last for long, after a short period, it can take about two to three months. The next stage

Randstad as a Professional Employment Agency Essay

Randstad as a Professional Employment Agency - Essay Example The researcher states that Randstad is the second biggest staffing organization in the world. Randstad plays a fundamental role in developing the workplace and leveraging the maximum value of human capital to benefit clients, candidates, investors, and employees. The main problem of Randstad is handling its multigenerational workforce, so that retention rates can be boosted. Its minor problems are intergenerational conflicts due to differences in work and personal values and developing performance management strategies that fit different generations. The primary issues of the firm are employee retention strategies for different generations and concerns in maximizing the benefits of its coaching approach to team building and retention. These issues can be approached through considering the factors of enhancing work climate and job fulfillment to increase employee retention rates. HR should examine individual and generational needs through interviews and surveys. The major problem of t he company is enhancing its retention rate. Its minor problems are intergenerational conflicts due to differences in work and personal values and developing performance management strategies that fit different generations. The first alternative is to focus on enhancing the work climate. Work climate can enhance recruitment and retention success of workers. The work climate can affect provider outcomes, such as job satisfaction and turnover rates. Positive views of the psychological work climate can enhance job satisfaction, organizational commitment, motivation, and productivity. Particular actions that can enhance the work climate include training employees to develop their coaching and intergenerational communication and culture skills. This way, employees are trained to handle generation-based differences in attitudes and work/communication practices.

Economic degrowth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic degrowth - Essay Example This is a good sign of economic degrowth. In terms of enhancing consumers’ health, the working condition of the workers, and preserving the available economic and natural resources for future generations, the transition stage from economic growth to degrowth is one of the most unique political breakthrough that took place in the United States (Latouche, 2007). In line with this, Kennedy (2010) explained that cities that is undergoing degrowth process is characterized by a limited population density and self-sufficient even though there was a shift from urbanization to rural way of living. In general, the population of cities that is undergoing degrowth process is usually below 10,000 residents per city (Bliss, 2011; Reinhardt, 2011). Depending on the size of geographic area, population size of degrowth cities can be less than 50,000 (Mathivet, 2009). Because of the limited production and consumption of goods, cities that are focused on degrowth are the ones that could preserve their existing natural resources and energy resources without sacrificing the standards of living of people living in these cities. Q.2 How may this area be influenced by degrowth? At the end of the document you will see a table with your name appearing alongside a particular theme (transport, housing, multifunctional urbanism, decision making processes, use of environmental technologies.) What area have you been invited to focus on: Housing Inflation rate in the United Kingdom has significantly increased from 3.0 up to 5.0 between January 2009 up to January 2011 respectively (National Statistics, 2011). Because of the increasing trend in the annual CPI inflation rate and interest rates in the US and UK market, the selling price of single detach houses has been significantly increasing over the past few years (Nordvik and Gulbrandsen, 2009). In 2001, there were as much as 215,000 companies building roughly 146,000 single-detached houses (Glaeser, 2004). As a consequence in the high market prices of single detached houses, there is a shift from the demand for expensive single detached houses to low-cost and more affordable multi-unit housing projects such as townhouses, apartment buildings, dormitories, or condominium units (Murray, 2011; Reference for Business, 2011; Johanisova, Crabtree, and Frankova, 2010; Glaeser, 2004). In line with this, there are some constructors who are already designing multi-unit housing projects using low-cost pre-fabricated housing materials (Reference for Business, 2011). There are socio-economic advantages associated with the shift from single-detached houses to multi-unit houses. First, it is possible to increase the supply of affordable housing units to meet the increasing population in US and UK (Glaeser, 2004). Aside from effectively protecting the environment from the adverse consequences of consuming too much electricity, degrowth in the housing industry is also more economical on the part of the consumers in terms of decr easing the cost of maintaining the quality of small-unit houses (Crawford and Heller, 2010; Register, 2010). Q.3 What has already been envisaged or put in practice that would be welcomed by a de-growth society? Give some examples and indicate the impact/ results of these 'alternatives' (e.g. from slow-cities to the setting up of autonomous communities and the recuperation of community; from

Competition Freaks Essay Example for Free

Competition Freaks Essay According to Dr. Phil, Everybody likes to be a winner, but some people are competition freaks who have to be first, be the best or win at everything they do. This overly competitive nature oftentimes causes tension in their personal relationships. Love and competition are oil and water, they do not mix, Dr. Phil warns. He offers the following advice for competitive people who want to overcome their need to compete, and learn to relax and enjoy what they have. Being competitive in our academic, working and personal lives can be good for achieving success and moving into the ranks of glory and glamour. Competitive attitudes can help you to feel energized, able to take on challenging tasks and ready to achieve many things in life. However, competitive behavior that is not considerate of your well-being or well balanced in its application can take its toll, leading to self destruction and perhaps ostracizing the very people you care about the most. REFERENCE: http://www.drphil.com/articles/article/510 http://www.wikihow.com/Be-Competitive-in-a-Non-Destructive-Way 1. SELFISHNESS B. EFFECTS OF COMPETING 1. NEGATIVE EFFECT 1.1 SELF- HATRED Another risk of burying our competitive feelings is that we may turn them around and use them to feel bad about ourselves. A straightforward competitive thought like, â€Å"I hate that he is so smart and always says the right thing,† may turn into an attack toward our selves like, â€Å"You are so stupid. You never know what to say. He is so much more engaging than you.†Ã‚  When we turn against our competitive feelings, we turn against ourselves. We feel ashamed of who we are and what we want. Instead of seeking to emulate the people we admire, we simply tear ourselves down in relation to them. With so many negative manifestations of suppressing our direct competitive feelings, how can we face them more honestly and make sure to use them in healthy ways? First of all, we have to remember that feeling competitive is not about letting these emotions take over or ruminating in negative thoughts. It’s about accepting our naturally occurring competitive responses, feeling them fully and moving on. We can accept that we have these feelings a lot of the time. We can even have fun with them, letting ourselves have the nastiest thought possible, then letting that thought go. Doing this as an exercise can feel clean, healthy and even refreshing. As illustrated by the above examples, when we suppress our competitive feelings, they have a way of seeping into and influencing our behavior. Yet, each time we acknowledge that we have these thoughts, we can consciously choose how we want to act. We can be much more proactive in becoming the best version of ourselves, both accepting ourselves and evolving, as the motivated (and competitive) individuals that we inherently are. 1.2 JEALOUSY/BEING ENVY Competitive feelings can be full of jealousy. Allowing ourselves to have competitive thoughts will not leave us falling victim to unstoppable fits of envy or suspicion. When we hold back our healthy and natural competitive feelings, we strengthen the negative parts of those feelings –jealousy included. Instead of building a case against someone, we can face the reality of our feelings and adopt a healthier attitude. For example, a guy I know recently revealed to me a thought process he went through at a party with his girlfriend. He noticed that she was happily chatting with other people, including a few men throughout the night. At first he thought, â€Å"She is totally flirting with my friend. Why does she light up around him? Is she more into him than me? I should just dump her before she makes a fool out of me.† At a certain point, he realized that what he was really feeling was competitive. He wanted her to respond to him the way she was responding to other people at the party. His thinking quickly changed to, â€Å"I love when she is fun like this. I want to share that with her.† Instead of listening to  the voice in his head that told him to pull away and act cold to her, he joined her and engaged in joking around with her. By being lighthearted and fun himself, she was naturally drawn to him, and they were both able to feel closer and happier with each other. If he’d acted on his jealous insecurities, rather than admitting he felt competitive, he would have achieved just the opposite. 1.3 SELF-DENIAL One of the worst results of denying our competitive feelings is that it can cause us to reject what we really want in life. Because feelings of desire or jealousy make us uncomfortable, we may pretend that we don’t want whatever we once longed for anymore. If someone we had a crush on goes out with someone else or if a job we interviewed for falls through, we can easily turn against ourselves and become self-denying. Instead of thinking, â€Å"I really wanted that, and I’m furious that I didn’t get it,† we might think, â€Å"I don’t even care. I never really wanted that. I’m not going to put myself out there to embarrass myself again.† When we engage in this pattern, we become increasingly passive. Rather than going after what we desire, we avoid it, all in the interest of denying our â€Å"unacceptable† competitive feelings. REFERENCE: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/compassion-matters/201309/the-benefits-feeling-competitive 2. POSSITIVE EFFECT 2.1 MAKES YOU PERSEVERE When you look at someone ahead of you and you do whatever it takes to catch up to them†¦that is the essence of perseverance. You don’t give up until you are at the top. Without competition, we would have no reason to persevere. We wouldn’t know our limits and how far we can stretch them. The rewards of perseverance are priceless and to experience such rewards, you need a reason, and competition is that reason. 2.2 HELPS ASSESS YOUR STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES Following up from my previous point, what you do notice is what you are doing right and what you are doing wrong. With competition, you have a way to measure how well or how poorly you are doing. Knowing what you are good at and what you are not is extremely important, because success is all about accentuating your strengths and hiding your weaknesses. How well you accomplish this determines how far you go. REFERENCE: http://www.ineedmotivation.com/blog/2008/05/7-positives-of-competition/

The Stakeholder Engagement Process Management Essay

The Stakeholder Engagement Process Management Essay A person, group of persons, or organization that has a direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by organizations action, objectives, polices. (Business dictionary, 2012) Stakeholder engagement process: The word stakeholder and engagement both have different meanings for different people therefore it is difficult to understand what people are trying to think and say about these words. These words are used together to define a procedure which is theoretical a transparent process Stakeholder is only defined in a reference to a particular issue e.g. as a local resident in a particular area you may be a stakeholder in a decision about what will be the opening and closing timing of the restaurant. But you will not be a stakeholder in a decision about what kind of restaurant/food they will serve but health and local authority might a stakeholder in both decisions. Many authors described this phrase in different way. According to (Glicken, 2000) A stakeholder is an individual or group influenced by and with an ability to significantly impact (positively or negatively) the topical area of interest. However, according to (Slocum et al, 1995) Active involvement of people in making decisions about the implementation of processes programmes and projects which affect them. Freeman (1984) explains that any person or group of people who can directly or indirectly affect or can be affected by the organisations actions, objectives and policies. Shareholders including investors, owners, partners, directors, people owning shares or stock, banks, anyone having a financial stake in the business purchasers, consumers and end users. Stakeholder engagement is the process used by an organisation to engage significant stakeholders for a clear purpose to attain accepted results and stakeholder engagement is the process used by an organisation to engage relevant stakeholders for a purpose to achieve accepted outcomes. It is now also known as a fundamental accountability tool, since it obliges an organisation to involve stakeholders in classifying, understanding and answering to sustainability issues and concerns, and to report, explain and be accountable to stakeholders for decisions, actions and performance. Quality stakeholder engagement process should include: Clearly define the scope and have an agreed decision making process; Focus on issues material to the organisation and/or its stakeholders; We need to identify the important stakeholder and their interest relating to our restaurant. We need to assess the power and influence of stakeholders in connection to our restaurant. Define appropriate project to each stakeholder and we need to identify the stakeholders risk relating to our restaurant. Create opportunities for dialogue and be integral to organisational governance; Have a process appropriate to the stakeholders engaged Be timely; be transparent, flexible and responsive. Stakeholder engagement must be rooted in the culture and main functions of the organisation. To accomplish this, this requires an assurance to the principles and incorporation of stakeholder engagement with organisational governance, strategy and operations. Through this assurance and incorporation, the outputs of stakeholder engagement lead to strategic and operational outcomes. Whenever we start a project or business it is very important for us to identify key stakeholders and their type and also identify their interest relating to our business or project. Different kind of stakeholders: Usually stakeholders have three types Primary stakeholder Secondary stakeholder Key stakeholder Primary stakeholder: A primary stakeholder includes any group of people or an organisation which are eventually affected by the actions of the organisation both in positively or negatively way. In our restaurant business primary stakeholders are customers, lenders, suppliers and owner of the building. Secondary stakeholder: Secondary stakeholders are those who could be indirectly affected by the actions of the organisations. In our restaurant business secondary stakeholders are city council and environmental authorities. Key stakeholder: Key stakeholders can belong to first two groups and these peoples or organisations can have substantial impact upon within our restaurant. Key stakeholder includes; City council Customers Suppliers Lenders Owner of the building Environmental authorities and trade authorities. The Importance of Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement: Stakeholder engagement is premised on the concept that those groups who can affect or are affected by the succession of an organisations purpose should be given the opportunity to observe and input into the expansion of decisions that affect them. In todays society, if they are not actively sought out, sooner or later they may claim to be consulted. Situations could arise when organisations do not aggressively engage but are forced to do so by the demands of society as a result of a crisis situation. In response, organisations hire crisis management procedures, and are often forced into a defensive negotiation with stakeholders, leading to a substantial and long lasting loss of reputation. This type of interface is often opposed and damaging of trust. Meaningful engagements take place in organizations as many organizations are well aware of current changes in the wider society and how they pass on to organisational performance. A relation with stakeholders is a mean to manage the impact as a result of those changes, many of which are shaped due to vast negative impact of global economic downturn. Organisations can either seek to diminish risk through the use of stakeholder management, or through the use of meaningful stakeholder engagement exploit new trends to identify and establish new opportunities; the latter is characterised by a readiness to be open to change. As with any other business process, engagement process should be systematic, logical and should be applied thoroughly. A process is provided by stakeholder engagement which takes in to account organisation from the starting point of planning and identifying objectives through to post monitoring and evaluation. This process is represented as a circle as it is constant where lessons are learned from past experience and will then shape the future planning and engagement. Stakeholder mapping and their importance: Stakeholder mapping is process of listing the entire stakeholders according to their interest and power or influence on a particular organisation. (Bjorn Andersen, 2008) Each stakeholder is different from other in terms of their power and their interest. Some stakeholders have more power and more interest in an organisation and some stakeholders have more power with less interest in an organisation. Therefore, stakeholder mapping provides us a framework which helps organisation in term of stakeholder management. By using stakeholder mapping organisation categorise each stakeholder in different category and then spend more time and money on those stakeholders who have more interests and more power and organisation also saves time by spending less time on those stakeholders who have less power and less interest. Stakeholders Mapping http://open.jorum.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/650/Items/B324_1_004i.jpg http://open.jorum.ac.uk Key players: Key players are those stakeholders who have more power and more interest in our business or organisation. In key players stakeholder management process organisation need to actively involve these stakeholder in almost in every part of the project. Because these are the stakeholders who have more power, influence and interest in our organisation. In our project suppliers, lenders and property owner has high power and high interest therefore, these stakeholders are key player in our project. Keep satisfied: These are the stakeholders who have less interest but more power in our organisation. Therefore, organisation always needs to try to keep these stakeholders satisfied at all the time and organisation always need to feed these stakeholders with the information which they need. Keep informed: These stakeholders have with high interests but low power. There is a very less chance that these stakeholders will create any trouble in our project, but these stakeholders have high interest in our project. Therefore, organisation always needs to try to spend relatively less time on this stakeholder and keep them satisfied. For example, local community and neighbourhood people who have most interests and low power and they cannot create any trouble but their interests level is quite high. Minimal effort: These are the peoples with less interests and low power. Organisation should need to spend less time and money on these stakeholders. Understanding stakeholder: Engagement process includes the understanding of the different stakeholders and also understanding their needs and demands. In this process we need to know how best we can engage all different stakeholders and how to communicate with them. We need to consider some key questions to find out how we can perform this process efficiently. This key question includes; What financial and non-financial interest they have? We need to know if stakeholders go against our restaurant project then how we are going to manage their negative attitude towards our project? What is their current judgment about our restaurant project? What kind of information they require from us? How we need to communicate with them? To get the answer for all of the above questions we need to ask directly to the potential stakeholders. Stakeholders are quiet open about their opinion and they feel free to comment on an organisations policies and actions. By asking these questions and interacting with stakeholders helps organisations to build a strong relationship with the stakeholders which will help organisation in a long run. Being a project runner we need to ensure that stakeholders are aware that things will get better once the project is completed and there will be now extra financial cost or any other burden on them. If we dont ensure them there will be resistance in future and this resistance could affect our project. Stakeholder management: Successful project requires a careful stakeholder management. Therefore, we need to ask questions who are the stakeholders? Stakeholder is any group/person or any organisation that has direct interest in our restaurant and they can be directly affected by the output of our restaurant. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the principles and issues which stakeholders have in order to address them and keep everyone on board for the duration of our restaurant project. (www.projectsmart.co.uk) In stakeholder management process we need to identify our key stakeholders then we need to find out whats their needs, demands, interest and power relating to our restaurant and then we need to know how to manage these stakeholders. Therefore, managing these stakeholders is different from managing other stakeholders. For example in our project of opening a restaurant on oxford road we have some stakeholder e.g. city council which could be directly affected by the output of our restaurant and if we affect this stakeholder our restaurant could be closed before it opens. Purpose of the stakeholder management: Purpose of stakeholder management is apparent however this idea has been ignored by most of the organisations. We need to consider all those stakeholders who can make an impact on our project in later period. In recent years we have noticed many examples that many organisation those who were ignoring their stakeholders now they are considering their stakeholders with more care and acting more responsibly towards their stakeholders. (www.triplepundit.com) Fast-food giant Burger king and McDonald faced criticism for supporting the cutting of the Amazonian rain forest from beef suppliers. Now Burger king and McDonalds started to act responsibly by altering their policies and improving their CSRs and they are reporting more carefully and they are taking care of their stakeholders relationship. (Buzz, 2012) Advantages and disadvantages of stakeholder management: An organisation can receive many advantages and disadvantages for managing the stakeholders carefully. Stakeholder management reduces the risk of failure of a project. Quality of a project can be improved by engaging the stakeholders. Serious issues which can affect our project can be diminishing at early stage by engaging all the stakeholders. Managing and identifying all the stakeholders is a costly process because every stakeholder has different demands and needs from other. Managing all stakeholders is not easy it is really hard job to manage all stakeholders because every stokehold aspect something extra ordinary output from your project. Conclusion: After extensive study and research; researcher is able to draw a conclusion that stakeholders are important and integral part of an organisation and organisation cannot deny form carrying out stakeholder analyses in every stage of the project. Because organisations future depends on better stakeholder management if organisation fails to do so they will end up facing extreme pressure from stakeholders and they might lose their business too and project may fail and we have seen many examples in past. Bjorn Andersen, T.F.L.E.O., 2008. Mapping work progress. 2nd ed. USA: Quality press. Freeman, R.E (1984). Strategic Management: A stakeholder Approach. Boston, MA: Pitman. Glicken, J. (2000), Getting stakeholder participation right: a discussion of the participatory processes and possible pitfalls. Environmental Science and Policy, 3, 305-310. Slocum, R., Wichhart, L., Rocheleau, D. and Thomas-Slayter, B. (eds) (1995) Power, Process and Participation. London: ITDG Publishing. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html [Accessed on 24th November 2012] http://www.triplepundit.com/2009/04/purpose-vs-profit-stakeholder-management/ [Accessed on 24th November 2012] http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/stakeholder-management.html [Accessed on 23rd November 2012] http://www.triplepundit.com/2009/04/purpose-vs-profit-stakeholder-management/ [Accessed on 23rd November 2012]

Scarlet Letter Interpretation

Scarlet Letter Interpretation Qu 5: ‘†¦they had begun to look upon the scarlet letter as the token, not of that one sin, for which she had borne so long and dreary a penance, but of her many good deed since what does the Scarlet letter teach us on the subject of meaning and interpretation? It is perhaps unheard of and a little strange that one could actually consider the very letter ‘A within the story of ‘The Scarlet Letter to be considered the main character within Hawthornes tale. However it is due to this very letter that the entire tale of Hester unfolds. After reading the tale of Hester and her ascent from tainted woman to what can only be called a liberated if somewhat damaged soul it is hard to pin point the exact meaning of the letter ‘A .It is a letter as ambiguous as it sounds for it leaves open an entire dictionary of words to interpret its meaning. In a story that deals with the breakdown of the puritan society beliefs through a woman whose punishment for adultery is to wear a red letter upon her clothing it is easy to see how one can suppose the tale of ‘The scarlet letter to be one centering around Hester herself and yet it is perhaps the very ending of the ‘The scarlet letter ‘It bore device, a heralds wording of which may serve for motto and brief description of our now concluded legend; so sombre is it, and relieved only by one ever-glowing point of light gloomier than the shadow: ‘ON A FIELD, SABLE, THE LETTER A, GULES that beholds the true central subject of the ‘The Scarlet letter. That is, the very letter itself being the main protagonist leaving Hester to portray a rather small if catalytic part of the novel providing no more than a mere insight into the true meaning of the many and sometimes abstract meanings of the letter. Through out the ‘Scarlet letter the reader is presented with a selection of characters within the Puritan community, which come to view and relate to the scarlet letter in their own different ways. For example at the beginning of the novel the old puritan women of the community regard it as what is the general opinion at the time of Hesters release from prison. That of a symbol of sin and shame. Hester herself provides her own interpretation by weaving a letter whose appearance could only but reflect her own rebellious nature within the puritan society. Within and throughout the novel the scarlet letter takes on and changes many forms so as to leave the reader in a somewhat bewildered and confused state of mind. The beginning of the novel sees the puritan society regard the letter as the proof of sin made visible to all eyes to both punish Hester whilst at the same time serve as a warning. Yet as the tale progresses the meaning of the letter changes and transforms to create a whole different meaning around it. If the major characteristic of the symbol is its enigmatic nature, it is not surprising that the question of its understanding should be of major importance. Yet perhaps in order to begin understanding the true meaning of the Scarlet letter we must first look towards Hawthorns ‘The Custom-house where in the Scarlet letter is described as a ‘mystic symbol, subtly conveying itself to my sensibilities, but evading the analysis of my mind. As a romantic symbol, the scarlet letter appeals to both intellect and sensitivity. However, the interpretative process as Hawthorne presents it in The Scarlet Letter is complex, and the link between feeling and understanding is far less direct than it may seem at first sight. Although the idea of intuitive comprehension may be considered as an ideal, Hawthornes pragmatism leads him to qualify it and to take into account the impact of social conventions on the understanding of the symbol. This is evident when Hawthorn describes the feeling of ‘burning heat as he picks up the letter and how it appeared that the letter was not altogether made of simple red cloth but was much rather like ‘a red hot iron, yet Hawthorne goes on to conclude that even so without any knowledge of the letter past and origins it was to then remain a riddle. Hawthornes ‘The scarlet letter which then goes on to try and give voice to the letter found in the common house is no more than a possib le insight into the many interpretations available regarding the letter itself, perhaps then leaving the reader more mystified than ever. Martin Terence within ‘Nathanial Hawthorne claims that Hawthorne seems to say, this is a scarlet letter; because of that, it is capable of further meaning. The letter will have to carry the burden of the tale. Hawthornes use of symbolism is fully developed in the multi-meanings hidden in the scarlet letter through a variety of characters. The scarlet letter represents different ideals to different people and should be given the proper consideration. For the puritans the scarlet letter symbolised the sign of a sinner whose moral obligation towards the community was to portray the mark of sinner to both shame and warn. Giving up her individuality, she would become the general symbol at which the preacher and moralist might point, and in which they might vivify and embody their images of womans frailty and sinful passion. Thus the young and pure would be taught to look at her, with the scarlet letter flaming on her breast, [†¦] as the figure, the body, the reality of sin. (71-72) Through the above extract one can easily see the firm belief the Puritans held that was that through her actions Hester had disgraced not only herself but the entire community. Their belief in that Hester is to take responsibility for her actions is not however carried out in the manner they had originally hoped. Hester may carry out her punishment silently and diligently yet the outcome is not the one the Puritans had foreseen, for Hesters sin grows from that of passion to one of principle. On the other hand towards the Reverend Arthur Dimmersdale the letter takes on a whole new meaning. He regards the letter as a constant reminder of the sin and cowardice that plaque him. As time goes past this guilt constantly grows as he finds himself unable to take responsibility for his actions. The action he takes of standing upon the scaffold at night is merely one of the signs of his ever increasing guilt. It could even be claimed that his inability to like Hester wear the Scarlet letter tur ns out to be his downfall as by the end of the novel Dimmersdale dies. Whilst on the other hand it could also be claimed that Hesters ability to wear the scarlet letter proves to be her salvation for although she does not forget or dismiss the original purpose of the letter she is however able to through the letters ability to deem her a social outcast to be left alone behind the symbol to both develop and grow as a character. Terence claims that Hester comes to view the letter as ‘an armour of pride that is also a mantle of suffering. Her isolation from the rest of the community and the downfall of her place within society can be seen as her mantle of suffering whilst her armour of pride resides in Hesters own beliefs that her act of adultery was rooted in the love she felt for Dimmersdale as well as her own love of Pearl. Hesters secret serves as an â€Å"emblem† of different fates of the Puritan generation. â€Å"Hawthorne seems to adorn the subject rather than present it, conceal it with fancy needlework, so that the letter A might have been thought to mean†¦anything other than adulteress†. He portrays the guilt as craftwork, which he attributes to Hesters prototype: â€Å"sporting with her infamy, the lost and desperate creature had embroidered the fatal token with golden thread and the nicest art of needlework. The Scarlet Letter is concerned not only with passion but also with America (another possible signification of Hesters letter). â€Å"It attempts to find in the story of Hester and Dimmesdale a paradigm of the fall of love in the New World†. Pearl herself could be described as a character that function upon two levels within the narrative, both as a child and as an allegory. If then Pearl is the embodiment of the Scarlet letter itself ,then it is possible for the reader to understand Hesters own interpretation of the letter even better, for what mother could ever see her child as a sin to be ashamed of. Instead it is with and through Pearl that the letter begins its ascending course, as its meaning changes to mean both motherhood and strength. It is Pearls utter devotion and obsession with the letter that helps convey the bond between the letter and the child. They are the same, they were born through the same ‘act of sin .This is most evident when Hester removes the letter in the woods and is then forced to replace it when Pearl refuses to acknowledge her without it. The incident is vital in conveying the bond between the letter and the child. As the living manifestation of the letter, Pearl refuses to have it dis carded. It is here that critic Stephanie Carrez puts forward the notion that here it should be said that through Pearl we can see the danger of Hesters ability to change the letters meaning and interpretation. This is seen when Hester does not comply with the educational values prescribed by Scriptural authority. This echoes the discussion set by the author on the market place as Hester steps out of the prison door, where one of the women within the crowd voices â€Å"This woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die; is there not law for it?   Truly there is, both in the Scripture and the statute-book. Then let the magistrates, who have made it of no effect, thank themselves if their own wives and daughters go astray. â€Å"Hester should have died, since such is the law, both in the Scripture and the statute-book†. Carrez goes on to explain that If the punishment chosen is for her to wear the letter, it does not represent the letter of the law, but rather its spirit; although the letter is supposed to be fatal,† Hester will nevertheless live. The interpretation of the symbol entails social consequences, and Hawthorne is highly aware of its dangers. Interpreting words is potentially dangerous: is not the disappearance of the word adultery the best proof of the subversive power of the artist? Even so the many interpretations of the Scarlet letter all stem out of the most common symbol found by readers and that being â€Å"adultery†. Although the letter contains various interpretations, it proves to serve only one purpose: that being to make Hesters sin of adultery known to everyone. The letter is the revolving element throughout the novel. As a consequence of such a use of symbols, no definite truth can be established, and truth itself becomes an uncertain concept. The resulting ambiguity of Hawthornes texts is at the same time a force and a weakness. Hawthorne thus seems to linger over the consequences of using the scarlet letter as a romantic symbol. If scattered and particular visions must be assembled to represent the truth, along romantic lines, he refuses to adopt the radical idea of totally subjective truth, and even sometimes mocks the possibility to do so. The multiplication of possible interpretations is at the same time an artistic necessity and a metaphysical and social threat, and this constitutes one of the keystones of Hawthornes ambiguity. The modern aesthetic interrogation about writing, and about the role of the reader in the construction of a truthful meaning, unsettled Hawthornes faith in his own work, but provided the modern reader with one of the best examples of the power of art.

ROMANS 9:6-13 Essay -- essays research papers fc

THEOLOGICAL CENTRE FOR ASIA ROMANS 9:6-13 AN EXEGETICAL PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR CHUL WOO LEE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF BNT524 CONTEMPORARY HERMENEUTICS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 OVERVIEW OF ROMANS 9-11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 TRANSLATION OF ROMANS 9:6-13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 INNER TEXTURE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Repetitive Texture and Pattern  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Opening-Middle-Closing Texture and Pattern  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 INTERTEXTURE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 Oral-Scribal Intertexture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 Social Intertexture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 FOCUS: TRUE ISRAEL AND ELECTION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 CONCLUSION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 BIBLIOGRAPHY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17 INTRODUCTION This exegetical paper will be dealing on Rom 9:6-13. In order to understand this passage, an overview of chapters 9 to 11 will be considered as it forms part of Paul’s discussion (although it is possible take into consideration the entire epistle, it is not necessary to discuss beyond the context). Next, a proposed translation of the text is done highlighting the variants that exists in the passage. Then, a socio-rhetorical analysis using inner texture and intertexture will be used to draw out a clearer understanding of the passage. Finally, with the help of the analysis, the meaning of true Israel and the understanding of sovereign election will be discussed. This understanding of this focus is fundamental in correcting, if any, the misinterpretation of God’s promises by the Jews and believers at Rome, and as well as for us today. OVERVIEW OF ROMANS 9-11 Romans chapter 8 ends in a most glorious and victorious statement. Paul says that he is convinced that nothing is able to separate him and the believers from the love of God (Rom 8:38-39). However, he begins in chapter 9 with great heaviness and continual sorrow in his heart (9:2). It would seem strange to see a sudden shift in Paul’s attitude in the beginning of chapter 9. The relation of chapters 9 to 11 to their context – as well as, of course, their purpose – has been the subject of a great deal of scholarly discussion. At first glance, the discontinuity of this portion of the epistl... ...ion of Christian Origins. New York: Crossroad, 1994. Fitzmyer, Joseph A. Romans. The Anchor Bible, 33. New York: Doubleday, 1993. Hadas, Moses. The Third and Fourth Books of Maccabees. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953. Hamilton, Victor P. The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18-50. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995. Hill, Andrew E. Malachi. The Anchor Bible, 25D. New York: Doubleday, 1998. Moo, Douglas J. The Epistle to the Romans. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996. Morris, Leon. The Epistle to the Romans. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988. Piper, John. The Justification of God: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Romans 9:1-23. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1993. Robbins, Vernon. Exploring the Texture of Texts. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press, 1996. Wenham, Gordon J. Genesis 16-50. Word Biblical Commentary. Dallas: Word Books, 1994. Witherington, Ben, III. Paul’s Letter to the Romans: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004. . Paul’s Narrative Thought World: The Tapestry of Tragedy and Triumph. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1994.

The Success of Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

The Success of Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Is this Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet as successful a play as some critics say? Wherein lies the success? Is the protagonist the prime reason for the continuing success?    J. Dover Wilson in â€Å"What Happens in Hamlet† attributes much of the success of the drama to the characterization of the prince:    Finally, this compound of overwhelmingly convincing humanity and psychological contradiction is the greatest of Shakespeare’s legacies to the men of his own quality. No ‘part’ in the whole repertory of dramatic literature is so certain of success with almost any audience, and is yet open to such a remarkable variety of interpretation. There are as many Hamlets as there are actors who play him; and Bernhardt has proved that even a woman can score a success. (101)    Could the enduring reputation of Hamlet   be attributed to the â€Å"ultimate form† in which the Bard of Avon expressed his ideas? Robert B. Heilman says so in â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare†:    It is the way of venerable texts whose authenticity has impressed itself on the human imagination: he has said many things in what seems an ultimate form, and he is a fountainhead of quotation and universal center of allusion. â€Å"A rose by any other name† comes to the mouth as readily as â€Å"Pride goeth before a fall,† and seems no less wise. [. . .] The Ophelia-Laertes relationship is strongly felt near the end of Goethe’s Faust, Part I, and the Hamlet-Gertrude-Claudius triangle echoes throughout Chekhov’s Sea Gull (24-25).    This play is ranked by many as the very greatest ever written. Cumberland Clark in â€Å"The Supernatural in Hamlet† gives the consensus regarding Hamlet that exists among literary critics of today:    At least six or seven years pass after the writing of Midsummer Night’s Dream before we find Shakespeare engaged on Hamlet, the second of the great plays with an important Supernatural element, and, in the opinion of many, the greatest tragedy ever penned. (99)    There is no more exalted ranking than the above. Richard A. Lanham in the essay â€Å"Superposed Plays† maintains that no other English tragedy has generated the literary comment which this play has produced: â€Å"Hamlet is one of the great tragedies. It has generated more comment than any other written document in English literature, one would guess, reverent, serious comment on it as a serious play† (91).

correctional officer Essay -- essays papers

correctional officer CAREER RESEARCH REPORT The career I have chosen to pursue after graduation is a Correctional Officer. Correctional Officer’s have been around for a very long time and were designed to keep major offenders off the street after they have been arrested by the Police. The offenders are put in a holding cell at a Pre Trial Centre awaiting their court date. Correctional Officers are a very important part of the Justice System because it keeps high profile criminals off the street and locked up even before they are proven innocent or guilty. The Correctional Facility in many ways is a lot like a jail, from what I saw when I toured the new Pre Trial Centre in Port Coquitlam. There are large thick metal doors to lock them in at night. Each cell contains a small bed, a desk and shelf, a sink and a toilet. The one thing I found interesting was at the new Pre Trial Facility in Port Coquitlam each cell had a window, which I thought was a little too much for criminals but I guess they are innocent until proven guilty. As this is a NEW facility and it has some nicer things than the older centres. A typical day for a Correctional Officer would be the preparing of inmates for court appearances. They also receive new inmates to the facility brought in by the Sheriffs Department. Each new inmate must be photographed and fingerprinted upon immediate arrival to the Pre Trial Centre. They are then stripped and fully searched inside and out. With that ...

What motivates people in understanding of Abraham Maslow

Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. These systems motivate people to achieve certain needs. When one of these needs is fulfilled the person seeks to fulfill the next. Maslow focused on what person can potentially achieve rather than what can go wrong. There are 5 motivational needs that are usually displayed in a pyramid. You need to satisfy the lower level in order to progress to the higher levels. Progress can be disrupted by failure to meet lower level needs due to life experiences for example loss of job or divorce. The 5 needs are:1. Physiological – air, food, drink, shelter, warmth sex, sleep 2. Safety – protection from elements, security order, law, limits, stability 3. Social /belonging – work groups, family, affection, relationships 4. Esteem – self esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility 5. Self actualization – realizing personal potential, self fulfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Only 2% of people meet all of the levels (self actualization) – this is considered to be where they have fulfilled all that they are capable of and that they have found a meaning to their life that is important to them. Maslow studied people who he thought were in the 2% to gain better insight into these characteristics (Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt). The common characteristics include:- Can tolerate uncertainty Accept themselves and others for what they are Spontaneous in thought and action Unusual sense of humour Highly creative Concerned for the welfare of humanity Strong moral / ethical standards

Oil Boom in Nigeria: What are the Socio-Economic Implications for Society from 1999-2014?

Chapter 1: Introduction Nigeria is one of the leading oil producing countries in the world. Nigeria’s economy was largely characterised by agricultural production alongside other consumer goods up to the 1980’s, when oil wealth took over the majority of the country’s economy. For more than three decades, Nigeria has exploited her oil resources for export. The emergence of oil as Nigeria’s main source of revenue has generated a number of questions regarding the significance of the oil wealth to the socio-economic development of Nigeria society. It has been commonly assumed that Nigeria’s large oil deposits would spur socio-economic growth and put the country among the world’s elite nations in terms of economic growth and social prosperity (Ian and Terry, 2003). Since independence from Great Britain in 1960, Nigerians have experienced a number of problems ranging from ethno-religious and sectarian conflicts to corruption. According to Gboyega (1996) the post-independe nt Nigeria is one that has bore the brunt of leadership-induced poverty instigated by corruption scandals, religious charlatanism, war, restiveness, political instability, series of dictatorial regimes, and failure to build basic amenities among other issues. Ironically, these challenges have intensified during the period when Nigeria experienced what is commonly referred to as the ‘oil boom’ (Gboyega, 1996, p.39). Julius-Adeoye (2010) believes that Nigeria’s severe socio-economic crisis started immediately after independence, when the country’s leaders plundered the nation’s resources with massive corruption allegations at the expense of citizens’ wellbeing; excuses that military generals used to mount coups from the civilian rulers. Whilst it was expected that the beginning of Nigeria’s democratically elected government in 1999 under the leadership of President Olesegun Obasanjo would see sudden change of fortunes for Nigerians, the country has not realised much progress in terms of social progress despite the much hyped economic growth (Salawu, 2010). Data indicate that Nigeria’s oil revenue hit US$ 300 billion in the last two decades alone (Balouga, 2009). But it is the rise in revenue (over USD$112 billion between 2004 and 2007 alone) during Obasanjo’s reign that has raised questions about the country’s priorities and socio-economic development plans. One question one would ask is; where did Nigeria got it wrong in terms of socio-economic developmentTo answer this question, there is need to understand how defining regimes of General Ibrahim Babangida and later Olesegun Obasanjo have contributed to the socio-economic slump of the resource-rich Nigeria. 1.1 Aim and Objectives This study aims to establish the implication of two leaders of Nigeria, General Ibrahim Babangida (1985-1993) and President Olusegun Obasanjo (1999-2007) on Nigeria’s oil and gas resource management and the socio-economic impact with General Babangida setting the pace in the years of misrule and mismanagement of national resources, he set a precedent that would later haunt the economic and social fabric of Nigeria and its people for later years. Sadly, the trend of inequality did not seem to end with military rule but extended with the civilian rule of the democratically elected government (Odebode, 2004).Research objectivesTo establish the role of General Babangida’s regime on the oil resource management and socio-economic development of Nigeria To identify the implication of President Obasanjo’s reign as a democratically elected leader on the oil resource management and socio-economic development of Nigeria To identify ways in which leadership can be used to ba lance Nigeria’s socio-economic development and improve oil resource management 1.2 Research Questions What is the significance of Babangida and Obasanjo’s regimes in the socio-economic development of Nigeria? What is the significance of oil wealth to the socio-economic development of Nigeria’s socio-economic development? What implications do the oil resources have on the local communities’ social integration and economic wellbeing? To what extent has the reigns of these leaders captured in the literature about Nigeria’s developmental agenda? Chapter 2: Literature Review There is a significant body of literature on Nigeria’s development framework. It has been described as having components of corruption, consumerism, failed socio-economic and political policies, and many other issues (Balouga, 2009; Odebode, 2004; Ian and Terry, 2003).Odebode (2004) observes that Nigeria’s socio-economic climate in the past four decades has neither promoted any kind of social and economic welfare that can insulate families from harsh market realities nor help them â€Å"benefit from market developments† (Odebode, 2004, p.12). This is despite massive revenue from oil production. Corruption has been at the core of Nigeria’s political and social developments independence, saddling between military and civilian regimes, which have regrettably institutionalised corruption in almost all government agencies. When General Ibrahim Babangida toppled General Muhammadu Buhari’s regime of less than two years in a bloodless in-house coup on 27th August 1985, the country saw thirteen years of corruption in Nigeria. It is generally agreed that during General Babangida’sregime corruption not only reached alarming high level rate but also became instutionalised. For instance, leaders who were found guilty by tribunals in the previous regimes of Murtala Mohammed and Mohammadu Buharu would later find their way back into the public life; recovering their seized properties allegedly acquired through corrupt means. Maduagwu (cited i n Gboyega, 1996, p.5) observes that that not only did Babangida regime entrench corruption when he pardoned corrupt government officials convicted in the previous regimes and allowed them to reclaim their seized properties, but also â€Å"officially sanctioned corruption in the country, making it difficult to apply the only potent measures, long prison terms and seizure of illegally acquired wealth† for fighting corruption in Nigeria in the future. The successive regimes after Babangida did little to stop corruption (Balouga, 2009). General Sani Abacha in just less than 4 months had ousted the interim government furthering the corruption menace and stagnating the socio-economic growth. The Abacha regime saw corruption reached its peak with plunder of national resources. The International Centre for Asset Recovery (2009) estimated that the Abacha family alone took up to US$ 4 billion from the public coffers. Salawu (2010) observes that the country’s populace is still ma rred with abject poverty, to the extent that it is not only being categorised amongst the world’s poorest nations but also graces the world’s most unequal countries list. Studies have estimated that about 70 percent of Nigeria’s population lives below poverty line, largely due to inequitable distribution of the national resources such as oil revenue limited access to basic amenities and social services such as healthcare (Salawu, 2010). Chapter 3: Research methodology and design The researcher proposes to use qualitative research method to increase the understanding of the attitudes, motivation and other non-numerical information. The study will seek to investigate these phenomena using structured and semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and observation. According to Panneerselvam (2004), qualitative approach to research is the most appropriate research method when studying issues that require in-depth understanding of issues. Panneerselvam (2004) advises that researchers intending to study societal issues such as corruption and governance should immerse themselves into the culture of the society and experience what is in the system. Qualitative research allows the researcher to practice the needed flexibility, thus the ability to amend the emerging sub-questions as they become more familiar with the people, culture and system construct (Panneerselvam, 2004, p.158). Qualitative research methods help researchers to collect non-numerical responses from r espondents using less-structured research instruments such as interviews, observation and ethnography. Ethnography uses fieldwork to provide a descriptive study of human society and presents the results as an organized whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. It is founded on the principle that a system’s individual properties cannot always be accurately understood independent of each other. Qualitative research is thus based on relatively small sample sizes and may evoke inherent challenges when larger sample sizes are needed. In-depth Case study This research will also adopt a case study as a research methodology. The case studies will focus on General Babangida’s regime and Obasanjo’s reign and draw any comparison and similarities in terms of socio-economic development. Case study as a research method is popular due to its ability to draw inspiration from the empirical curiosity and practicality (Stake, 1998). Although the researcher maybe interested in a wider question of socio-economic development of Nigeria, the case study will allow the researcher to specifically focus on issues of oil resource management, corruption, and leadership ideals. Case study is an important research method because it is able to combine other research strategies, hence the reason why it is often referred to as a meta-method (Stake, 1998). Gillham (2001) argues that a case study should not be viewed as more important than other research methodologies but should be seen as more suited for practice-oriented fields. That is, the abili ty of the researcher to act within a professional practice is dependent on the knowledge of a repertoire of cases. 3.1 Scope of the study This research will focus on oil resource management and its impact on socio-economic development in Nigeria. The focus will draw similarities and contrast between General Babangida’s regime (1985-1993) and Olusegun Obasanjo (1999-2007). References Balouga, J. (2009). The Niger Delta: Defusing the Time Bomb. International Association for Energy Economies 1 (3), 8-11. Gboyega, A. (1996). Corruption and Democratization in Nigeria. Ibadan: Agba Areo Publishers. International Centre for Asset Recovery. (2009, September). Sani Abacha. Retrieved on 25 August, 2014 from http://www.assetrecovery.org/ Gillham, B. (2001). Case Study Research Methods. London, New York: Continuum. Ian, G. and Terry, L. (2003). Bottom of the Barrel: Africa’s Oil Boom and the Poor. Stanford: Catholic Relief Services. Julius-Adeoye, R.J. Nigerian Playwrights and Official Corruption: a study of selected plays. In Oshionebo, B.,Mbachaga, J.D., eds. (2010). Literary Perspectives on Corruption in Africa 1. Markudi: Bookmakers, 2 (1), 5-17. Odebode, S. (2004). Husbands are Crowns: Livelihood Pathways of Low-Income Urban Yoruba Wwomen in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Hague: ISS, 11-12. Panneerselvam, R. (2004). Research Methodology. NY: PHI Learning Pvt. Salawu, B. ( 2010). Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Nigeria: Causal Analysis and Proposals for New Management Strategies. European Journal of Social Sciences 13(3), 345-353. Stake, R. (1998). â€Å"Case Studies† in: Norman Denzin & Yvonna Lincoln. (eds.): Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage.

Chiaroscuro: The Beauty in a World of Gloomy Grey

Defined as a technique of contrasting dark and light to highlight elements within a piece of art or a story, chiaroscuro is displayed throughout The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Also prevalent in many masterpieces created by Rembrandt during the 17 century, Rembrandt uses chiaroscuro to create a focal point in his paintings and evoke personal thought. Hawthorne uses chiaroscuro to focus on the element of overall sin and to illustrate conflicts between characters.A comparison of chiaroscuro in Rembrandts paintings and Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, provides a deeper understand of how light and dark play a key role in the development of characters and theme. Sin is one of the most important themes in The Scarlet Letter. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne presents nature as being evil. For example, the forest displays a moral wilderness that is encompassed within a dark and gloomy atmosphere. However in Chapter 18, Hawthorne uses chiaroscuro as a device to show a change i n the forest as Hester succumbs to the evil of nature and of her sin.â€Å"†¦she undid the clasp that fastened the scarlet letter, and, taking it from her bosom, threw it†¦All at once, as with a sudden smile of heaven, forth burst the sunshine, pouring a very flood into the obscure forest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  During this scene, Hester releases herself from the burden that the scarlet letter brings. As Hester gives into her natural instincts, the forest around her slowly begins to brighten and become overcome by light. This new found light in the forest that grows hand in hand with Hester’s happiness is shown to be good and/or normal based on Hawthorne’s tone.He focuses on the beauty of the light and how it highlights every living thing in the forest, almost in an angelic way. The tone and use of chiaroscuro in this passage allows the reader to believe that giving into your natural instincts and wants is not necessarily wrong or sinful, but nothing more than a part of life. Rembrandt uses a similar approach in using chiaroscuro in his painting Nightwatch (1642). Rembrandt does not use the light to focus on a certain character or object in the painting; rather he exemplifies the different patterns of the painting by creating a battle between light and shadows.The effect of using light and dark in this painting is not meant to provoke meaningful thought, but rather to display an almost chimerical union between the light and dark, similar to the effect displayed by Hawthorne in the forest scene. Hawthorne also uses chiaroscuro to show conflicts between characters and the difference in their personality or spiritual well-being. â€Å"Old Roger Chillingworth, throughout life, had been calm and temperament, kindly, though not of warm affections†¦.Sometimes, a light glimmered out of the physician’s eyes, burning blue and ominous, like the reflection of a furnace†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband, is presented to the readers as a respectable man that was very upright and devoted to his job and those around him; however, he lacked any sense of passion or love. Once Chillingworth found out that Hester had committed adultery and would not name the father of her bastard child, it became Chillingworth’s mission to uncover the man that had lain with his wife in sin.He must search deep within Dimmesdale, minister for the town and who Chillingworth believes is responsible, using both human and supernatural remedies to extract the secret with no intention of forgiving Dimmesdale. Whereas Dimmesdale is seen as a trustworthy man for the Puritan citizens to bestow their own sins upon, ones of which Dimmesdale helps them to repent. Dimmesdale committed a sin in the eyes of the Puritan society, one born from his need to follow his natural instinct in which Hawthorne states to be good and later admitted to the masses that he was indeed the father and the second perpetrator in this earthly crime.â₠¬Å"And, as he drew towards the close, a spirit as of prophecy had come upon him†¦it was as if an angel, in his passage to the skies, had shaken his bright wings over the people for an instant- at once a shadow and a splendor- and had shed down a shower of golden truths upon them. † This quote displays the way that the Puritan people saw their pastor, a man that was both physically decaying before their eyes, but yet lit up by the word of the gospel. Dimmesdale would then follow his sermon with the confession of his sin, the last act of his mortal life.Hawthorne uses chiaroscuro to depict the difference in the type of evil within the characters of Dimmesdale and Chillingworth. Chillingworth is a man that did not sin in the terms that Dimmesdale did, however, he searches for it without the intent to forgive. Hawthorne expresses this as true evil and sin compared to Dimmesdale’s act of following his natural instinct, which is not a sin. Rembrandt uses chiaroscuro to d epict the character or personality within his paintings. In Self Portrait as St.Paul (1661), the man in the panting is lit while the background and his facial features are considerably darkened. The dark eyes and background represent a type of detachment, whether the detachment is due to an outward or inner struggle. The light of the picture gives one the sense that the man is important or respected. However, the dark causes the audience to believe that the man is in a great deal of struggle or woe, possibly causing him to be dark and cold in the sense of personality, like the depiction of Chillingworth depicted by Hawthorne.Nathaniel Hawthorne uses a device known as chiaroscuro, contrasting light and dark elements, to help develop the characters and theme within The Scarlet Letter. The way Hawthorne displays this development can also be viewed in pieces by Rembrandt. Sin is portrayed in many ways throughout the novel. The forest is used as a symbol of moral bareness of which Hester succumbs to when she takes off the scarlet letter and releases herself from her sin. At this moment, the dark dreary forest is flooded with heavenly beauty of light and life.This play with shadowing and light elements can be viewed in Nightwatch by Rembrandt. This paitning expresses a link between the light and the dark and how they can exist at the same time, however one will always triumph. In the case of the forest scene, the light and the happiness of Hester triumphed over the evil that surrounds her. Hawthorne draws his characters out by having one behold elements, Roger Chillingworth, and the other character behold elements of light, Minister Dimmesdale.Hawthorne then goes deeper to express that the darkness of one might not be of evil intention, but rather dulled by everyday sin of which the light could be redeemed. Rembrandt displays this in the paint Self Portrait as St. Paul, showing how shadows can make one look disconnected and spiritually or emotionally barren. Chiaros curo is a tool used in both the literary and arts world that can help to evoke more emotion and audience thought. Without it, the characters and imagery would all be caught between shades of gloomy greys.

A Case Study of Arvind Mills

A case study on Arvind Mills Ltd Supply Chain A very distinct feature of Arvind Mills Ltd is the fact that its brands work across multiple channels, price points and customer segments. These are brands that are distinctive and relevant across diverse customer segments. Some of the brands under Arvind Mills are: Wrangler, Excalibur, Flying Machine, Newport, Ruf & Tuf, Arrow, Izod etc and its customers include Levis, Lee, Tommy Hilfiger etc.The supply network finally reaches the customer touch points through over 275 stand alone brand stores across the country and more than 975 counters selling multi brand retail outlets an key accounts across India. Arvind Mills Ltd is one of the largest denim manufacturers in the world and has configured its supply chain based on â€Å"push† system. Under normal operating conditions, Arvind manufactures denim â€Å"sorts† based on monthly forecast to stock at various warehouses.As Arvind Mills â€Å"pushes† its products (sorts) t o ware-houses, actual selling takes place on an ongoing basis with the â€Å"sold sorts† are being replaced subsequently. The â€Å"Push† system operates under the â€Å"make-to-stock† environment. While the system has worked efficiently at Arvind for years it becomes difficult for a company to follow the same where a high demand fluctuation exists. A Push-based supply chain accumulates excessive inventory (â€Å"cycle stock† and â€Å"work-in-process†) by the time it responds to the changing demand.In addition, since long-term forecast plays an important role, it is difficult to match supply with variable demand. â€Å"Push† supply chain also entails larger production batches, incompatible for catering demand of short quantity. Another interesting feature of the supply chain is the intense reach Arvind Mills is targeting. With increasing disposable income available in the rural areas as well, the company is trying to make shirts at affordab le rates available at grocery stores and petrol pumps. It has also started selling shirt bits instead of multi meter long rolls which once dominated the retail shelves.

The Macroeconomic Environment of Business Essay

The Macroeconomic Environment of Business - Essay Example This unemployment involves people being temporarily between jobs, searching for new ones; it is compatible with full employment. It is sometimes called search unemployment and is seen as largely voluntary. It arises because either employers fire workers or workers quit, usually because the individual characteristics of the workers do not fit the individual characteristics of the job including matters of the employer's personal taste or the employee's inadequate work effort. Structural unemployment involves a mismatch between the workers looking for jobs and the vacancies available. Even though the number of vacancies may be equal to the number of the unemployed, the unemployed workers lack the skills needed for the jobs - or are in the wrong part of the country or world to take the jobs offered. Structural unemployment is a result of the dynamic changes of a capitalist economy such as technological changes. Supply-side economic policies are tools which aim to increase aggregate supply in order to attain economic growth and low inflation. The central concept of supply side economics is Says law which states that "supply creates its own demand," or the idea that one must sell before one can afford to buy. Therefore good economic policy encourages increased production, rather than attempts to stimulate demand. Basically, supply-side policies' main concern is affecting a tax rate which strongly encourages working and investment. Thus, supply side policy is essentially interested in the type of taxes levied and the specific tax rate. Supply-side economists contend that tax reductions will negate inflation and increase economic growth through the following: 1. Investment and Savings-Lower taxes will increase disposable income and increase household savings. Similarly, tax reductions on business will increase the profitability of investment. In short, lower taxes will increase both savings and investment which will result in a nation's stock of capital. 2. Work Incentives-Lower personal income tax rates increase after-tax wages and thus encourage work. As a result, any people not already in the labor force will offer their services, and those already in the labor force will want to work more hours and take fewer vacations. 3. Risk Taking-Lower taxes will encourage risk takers like entrepreneurs to invest. On the other hand, demand side policies' main goal is the promotion of economic growth by affecting the level of aggregate demand. Discretionary fiscal policy is where the government deliberately changes taxes or government expenditure in order to alter the level of aggregate demand. An example is lowering the income taxes in order for consumers to have more disposable income to spend for goods and services. The government can also use monetary policy to monitor the growth of the aggregate demand by (a) controlling the level of money supply directly, (b)

Summarize Comm Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize Comm Theories - Essay Example principle of human social organization is made up of three basic elements: The appearance of the other with the self, followed by the identification of the other with the self, and lastly the searching of self-consciousness through the other (p. 253). The three elements of human social organization are enabled through mass communication. The theme in this reading is supported by the critical cultural theory. The theory argues that mass media establishes the status quo that defines social movements to bring about positive social change. The critical cultural theory illustrates that; communication occurs through a psychological process referred to as â€Å"mob-consciousness† (Baran & Davis, 2015). The psychological process is identified through a quantitative research method. An experimental approach is adopted to indicate how mob-consciousness is influenced by attitude and the surrounding environment. The quantitative research method was efficient and effective in establishing that a speaker has the ability to influence the general attitude of the audience. The research concluded that; communication occurs when one party assumes an attitude passed from another party and adjusts the attitude in respect to a particular aspect of the environment. The environment that influences attitudes is of much importance to the parties in the audience. The text achieves a common ground between the authors and the readers. The authors successfully explain how the social foundations and functions of thought influence communication. The critical cultural theory supports the theme of human social interaction. Communication arises when attitudes are assumed and adjusted to accommodate a common ground between the speaker and the audience, and among the audience

The future of US military intervention Research Paper

The future of US military intervention - Research Paper Example Whereas the United States policy makers were quick to launch these interventions, the results of such moves have offered invaluable lessons regarding future military interventions. This research paper seeks to analyze the future of U.S. military interventions in regard to past interventions in countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan. The case in point is the Malian case where at least three terror organizations are suspected to be operational in this North American state. However, the United States has been cautious in its move to send its military to this nation. What are some of the probable reasons that have triggered such an attitude? Will United States consider intervention in future humanitarian crisis in Mali as even the extremist Islamic terrorist organizations continue propagating acts of terror on Malian citizens and neighboring states? These are some of the major question that this research paper seeks to analyze. Background The last decade has seen the United States milita ry engaged in two major wars- the Iraq war and the Afghanistan war. Thousands of army personnel each year are sent across the seas to eliminate illegal terror groups or regimes that threaten the national security of the U.S. and the world in general. It is worth noting that these interventions have been a matter of necessity rather than desire to exercise superiority complex. For instance, the U.S. intervention in Iraq was necessitated by the fact that the Iraq leader, Sadaam Hussein, propagated all sorts of human abuses against its citizens as well as threatened the U.S. homeland security. On the other hand, the choice for President Bush’s government to send military in Afghanistan was necessitated by the terrorist attacks in American soil in 2001. Al-Qaeda, which is a terrorist organization harbored in Afghanistan, claimed responsibility for the attack that killed approximately 3000 people and left a trail of massive destruction behind1. Nearly 12 years ever since the first troops made their way to Afghanistan in the wake of the September 11 attacks, American has been left counting its losses. Over seven thousand lives have been lost and approximately $3 trillion spent. U.S. policymakers are now faced with a far different strategic reality than it did before the commencement of the war. Currently, the U.S. economy is comparatively weaker and there is mounting pressure to cut down on the budget spent in the military. Also, the military forces have significantly been worn out following constant deployment of the forces. As a result, the idea of sending additional ground forces overseas appears almost unthinkable even in cases where the course pursued is significantly justifiable2. According to the recent polls conducted and released by Gallup and the Council on Foreign Relations, the United States domestic support for military action has hit its lowest mark ever since the years following the Vietnam War. As all this developments and considerations are t aking place, the reality on the ground is that unstable regions around the globe-North Africa, the Middle East, and Central America are in dire need for U.S. support in terms of expertise, technical aspect and advisory. In vein of the above developments, the biggest question that remains in the mind of many Americans is whether United States will be willing to carry out further military interventions in countries such as Mali. It is almost