Anabolic Steroids And Its Effects On The Brain - 1608 Words

Brief History Anabolic steroids are directly related to steroids, and both have similar effects, however anabolic steroids intensify protein production in cells, leading to enlarged muscles, rather steroids contain various hormones including testosterone. Both, however exert the chemical dopamine into the blood stream, negatively effecting the brain driving addiction and abuse. The steps and action foreshadowing steroids can be traced back to 1849, when a German scientist named Arnold Adolph Berthold conducted tests and experiments on Cockerels, concluding that their male testicles contain the necessary factors that make them male. This revelation may not attribute to the direct creation of anabolic steroids, however it casts’ a light towards understanding anabolic steroids and must not be dismissed. With the cooperation of Berthold’s discovery, a German chemist Adolf Butenandt was able to purify and extract testosterone from urine. With the collaboration of a fellow German chemist Leopold Ruziicka, they were able to create a synthetic form of testosterone safe for human use in 1935. Their discovery received international acclaim and they were rewarded the 1939 Nobel Prize for their work in chemistry. The initial intent of ‘steroids’ was to help treat men who had growth and development deficiencies. When World War II broke out steroids were used to help malnourished soldiers gain weight and increase performance. After the war, steroids were being extensively abused byShow MoreRelatedSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgames for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people are caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and many negative consequences are caused from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can causeRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1495 Words   |  6 Pages162 games for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people get caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and there are negative consequences from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause manyRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1551 Words   |  7 Pages162 games for using steroids (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people get caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and there are negative consequences from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause manyRead MoreSteroids Should Not Be Banned1631 Words   |  7 Pagesfan’s face into the concrete This all happened because the football player was taking steroids. People say steroids are not dangerous but they are very dangerous because steroids can damage the person and their body, are also very addicting, and also ruin your sporting careers. Terms associated with steroids are stacking and cycling. Some users combine several different types of steroids or add other steroids or nonsteroidal supplements in an attempt to make them big which is known as stacking (Arnold)Read MoreEssay about The Effects of Anabolic Steroids 1472 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids (anabolic) are a drug that was discovered and made by medical scientists in the last 1930’s to help with medical problems. The drug was made to help with many medical problems such as testosterone, growth, sexual functioning, and other medical problems such as helping people with HIV to help grow musical. It also helps with many other diseases. Like any other drug on the market people learn that the drug can be used for many other ways. Steroids can enhance athlete’s performance as wellRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Is A Synthetic Hormone That Resembles1694 Words   |  7 PagesAnabolic steroid is a synthetic hormone that resembles testosterone in promoting th e growth of muscle. Such hormones are used medicinally to treat some forms of weight loss and illegally by some athletes and others to enhance physical performance, Anabolic refers to muscle-building, and steroids refers to a large group of chemical substances classified by a specific carbon structure. Since their creation in the early 1930’s, steroids have been praised for their effectiveness by users, debated overRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Its Effects On The Body1272 Words   |  6 Pagesweight and muscle, but it just was not enough. He remembered a friend telling him about what anabolic steroids had done for him and decided to try it, he would later regret that decision. Anabolic steroids are drugs that reciprocate certain natural hormones in the body such as the male hormone testosterone, which can improve endurance and performance and stimulate muscle growth. Even though anabolic steroids may provide the body image and results some adolescents want, they can be harm ful to the adolescentRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drug Abuse1511 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than five percent of teens use performance enhancing drugs, or steroids increase muscle. Performance enhancing drug abuse creates addiction, the mental tension and pressure that coaches and peers bring to inferior athletes this draws teens and athletes to engage in these products, further encouraging teens to partake in the use of performance enhancing drugs, with long-term and short-term use leading to insufferable effects, like kidney failure, depression and stunted growth. What are performanceRead MoreThe Use Of Steroids And Its Effects On The Endocrine And Reproductive System937 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout the years, the usage of steroids has always been to enhance your performance, whether that be for a sport or body mass and muscle strength in general. I find this chapter in Psychology interesting, because It goes hand and hand with Anatomy, which I am currently learning. I would like to further explore the basics on where our body produces natural steroids, the effects on the endocrine and reproductive system due to steroid use, and lastly, the damage steroid use can have on your mentalityRead MoreA Brief Note On The Aids And Its Effects On The Body1534 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the synthetic form of testosterone, the male hormone. Anabolic steroids have been used over time as legal prescriptions for conditions brought about by the deficiency of steroid hormone leading to a delayed puberty or diseases that cause a loss in body mass such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and various forms of cancer. Despite the good therapeutic benefits offered by the anabolic androgenic steroids, some

Essay about Achieving Community Development Goals for AGH...

AKH Group has a history of being in business for the last 35 years and it is almost mandatory for such an established business to work for community development. Therefore, as a consultant I would like to suggest the following road map for the purpose of achieving the goals of community development spend its resources constructively for skill development and Primary health. Strategic options: Community Development is a process strengthening the society in which an organisation operates with the aim of enhancing the mental and physical capacity of people to enable them to serve the society in a better way. As it is mentioned in the case that AKH group is planning to shell out Rs. 10,000 crore for the purpose of skill development and†¦show more content†¦At last, hygienic environment should be maintained to keep their employees free from any kind of ailments. Cultural Aspects: Culture is something which cannot be ignored while implementing any kind of strategies in any kind of organisation. This is because if any organisation ignores the cultural aspect of any given community then the chance for its survival reduces to minimum. Therefore, before spending such huge sums on nation building a thorough study of the cultures and the sub-cultures relating to the particular community is an absolute necessity to ensure its successful implementation. This is particularly because in case a skill development programme requires all the ladies to work for longer shifts in order to enhance their capabilities but in a particular culture women are not allowed to work after dark then in that case such a development programme cannot be implemented because such a policy is against the norms of that culture. Therefore, any organisation should be most careful while studying the culture of a particular community because it is its most sensitive part particularly in a country like India. Economy: Economic situation of a country and the organisation opting for such developmental programmes is of utmost importance. First and the foremost aim of any business is its survival. Therefore,

Pursuasion Essay Example For Students

Pursuasion Essay There he stands atop the stairs of the Lincoln Memorial, in the nations capital, at a podium, speaking to the world. The crowds faces full of hope. Ears opened wide and clear, for the Dr. is speaking today. He is speaking from the heart and telling the nation that he has a DREAM.Dr. King had a dream and as most people think that it is geared towards blacks and whites, its not. Dr. King wanted equality between everybody. He wanted freedom from racism and prejudice throughout the nation. He was very good in getting the emotional perspective of persuasion across to his audience. King was a very inspirational man; his words were so true and full of meaning. He spoke to everyone and got everybody involved. This is why people followed him and why I think this is the most persuasive piece we have read. He not only implies his wants but he carries along with him the wants and needs of every man or woman ever treated poorly because of the color of their skin or their beliefs. There is a certa in unexplainable meaning and feeling when a man like King steps up in front of the world and says, I have a Dream. I chose Kings speech because it has so much more meaning and history behind it than the others. He pulled me into his world and showed me the way God intended it to be. His constant uses of virtually every form of persuasive writings are some of the best that can be used to pull an audience in. It has a greater meaning to it than say, Ginsberg and/or Shakespeare, these are more or less poetic displays of writing and in Shakespeares case this is a fictional story. King has grown up in a society that has been raised to hate anything that isnt the same color as them. King exclaimed it wonderfully when he said, I have a dream one that one day my children will not be judged be the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. These are such powerful words that really make a person think. They make you think about how youre conducting your life right now. Are you treating everybody with the same courtesy and respect, or are you singling out certain races because for some reas on or another you have a negative view towards them? He makes you want to get up and do something about the world. His use of emotional persuasion is like a car, it drives you, and if you have a nice bold car people look twice and want to be in it with you. Theyll think you are someone special and want to hear what you have to say. In Kings case his wonderful persuasion methods are that compared to a limo, when you drive by (especially in a bad neighborhood) everybody wants to run up to the car and look through the windows to see whos inside. When I read Kings speech I was like a curious child that wanted to go and find out what was behind this mans mind. Society puts labels on people and sometimes never gives the true person a chance. If all the people who have ever been judged and/or treated differently because of the color of their skin or their beliefs were like Ginsberg, then we would have a very corrupt and scary world. King didnt believe in hating the world, but instead chang ing it.His various uses of persuasion are almost guaranteed to get every open-minded person into the fight for equality. As in Ginsbergs poem the repetition worked great in getting the listeners hooked. He uses the quotes I have a dream and let freedom ring over and over again. Repetition works in this essay because it kept throwing the main ideas out there that King was trying to get across. Its almost like brainwash where you keep putting something in someones head then eventually it will stick. Ginsberg uses the word America 26 times. You would think that after hearing that many Americas you would be sick of it. But because of the content and emotion that he puts in the essay with the repetition it flow along and is powerful. Ginsberg was a very open individual who wanted to express his beliefs in his own way, he didnt follow somebody elses format and this was very effective for him. If King wasnt a man that had been through all the hardships then his words wouldnt have come across a powerful as they did. What King does in his speech to make sure that the listeners know that he is talking to a wide range of audiences is his change in diction. He goes from all the technical terminology to the use of the image of the government giving out a check that they cant cash. Ginsberg uses poor grammar and it almost implies that America is stupid, and Shakespeare uses his own language that the people of his time can relate to. The structure and emotions throughout this piece are definitely the main persuasion methods that got me hooked. The reason that King is the best at this is because when he wrote this speech he knew exactly who was going to listen and also to whom he was talking to. He knew that the young minorities of the world had their ears stretched way out to hear the words of what they thought of as a savior. Ginsberg wrote his words from a communist state of minds and out of anger and almost hatred towards his country. Kings wasnt in to hating the world but rather changing it, this is why the emotional persuasion works. He says that he has a dream that one day on the red hill s of Georgia the sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. Although Shakespeares portrail of a king getting his troops fired up to go to battle and uses emotional persuasion when doing it to. Like when he is tempting them with the thought of the pride they will have when they are telling their grandchildren all about the war. How everybody will remember the time they fought on Saint Crispian day. As Shakespeares king was good at developing the atmosphere needed, MLK still brings with him the truth and reality of his words. I mean Shakespeare is fiction and Dr. King is definitely not! Just the meaning and usage of his words are so powerful and true you almost have to get sucked in. Kings words bring forth hope and a sense of guidance for the citizens of the US. They also bring energy to the capital in saying that we will not wait symbolizing the time they had already waited and that his people would wait no long er. Kings speech was written from the heart and had much more meaning to me than the others, not that Ginsberg wasnt writing from the heart, but his words were full of anger where as Kings are full of love. When I was younger I was one of the only white kids in an all Latino neighborhood. I know what it feels like to be called racial slurs, and be singled out. I know that it takes a lot to stand up for yourself, its not easy, but it is very necessary for survival. All I wanted at that time was happiness and equality between my peers and it took a long time for me to gain that. Changing people minds about things like racism isnt easy and you have to be persistent and keep fighting or youll never reach your ultimate goals: freedom, equality, and happiness. .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 , .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .postImageUrl , .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 , .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117:hover , .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117:visited , .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117:active { border:0!important; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117:active , .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117 .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7859f688e12c12685d58643061c67117:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of beatles EssayIf I were ever to write a speech that would need to reach all audiences and every household in the nation I would definitely look into the writing methods of a great man like King. His use of feelings and experiences throughout are quite possibly the best way to hook an audience. If King had survived his assassination what would have come of this world? King was a very persistent man and I believe that our world would be a better place to live because of him. I believe that if he was still with us that the level of hatred would be dramatically lower. He was man that could change a nation. If King were still alive today I believe that his dreams woul d have come true. His dream of freedom and equality still to this day is not completely fulfilled and probably never will be. There will always be someone out there who thinks that his or her race is of a higher superiority than another.

Moment of Inertia free essay sample

To use a centripetal force apparatus to calculate the moment of inertia of rotating weights, using theories derived from ideas of energy transfer (Im = MR2 (g/2h)(t2-t02)) and point mass appoximation (m1r12 + m2r22). Set Up Procedure First we measured the weights of two masses and wingnuts that secure them. Then we placed one of the masses on the very end of a horizontal rod on the centripetal force apparatus, 0. 162 m away from the centre of the rod, and the other mass 0. 15 m away from the centre of the rod. Then we attached a 0. 2 kg mass to the bottom of a string and wound the string around the vertical shaft of the apparatus, so that the bottom of the weight rose to the bottom edge of the tabletop the apparatus was on. We measured the distance from the bottom of the weight to the floor, and then let the weight fall to the floor, and measured the time it took to do so. We will write a custom essay sample on Moment of Inertia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We repeated this measurement, using the same initial height, four more times. Then we took the masses and the wingnuts off the horizontal rod and let the 0. kg mass fall in the same way as before, five times. Then we replaced the masses and the wingnuts, but put them both on the edges of the horizontal rod, and repeated the same falling mass measurements five times. We moved the masses in towards the centre of the rod and continued to repeat the falling mass measurements. We moved the masses in toward the centre four more times, each time taking five falling mass measurements. Error in this part of the experiment could have come from improper estimation of time due to ambiguity in the falling mass. Our falling mass hung crookedly from its string, meaning their could have been variability in what was observed to be the starting and ending places of the fall, depending on where one decided to count as the place on the mass needing to touch the floor or pass the starting point, in order to consider the fall ended or begun. However, the errors didn’t really seem to affect this section of the experiment: we still ended up with the same moment of inertia in both methods of calculating it. Second Pass: The graph of Im vs. r2 shows 2 of the data points lying on a linear least square fit line, and the others laying close, but not within r2 error. It is possible that with Im error, the points would lie on the line, especially since they don’t lie far away. The line seems to be the best representation of the relationship between Im and r2, therefore, it can be said that the relationship defined in the equation Im = m1r12 + m2r22 is verified. In the graph of Im vs. r2, considering that r1 = r2, and m1 = m2, the slope represents Im/r2 = 2m. The slope is 0. 1223 kg, and 2m is 0. 1232 kg. The quantities are . 0009 kg apart, which seems reasonably within error, but could be verified through finding ? Im/r2. But considering the closeness in the amounts, and the fact that the graph verifies a linear relationship between the moment of inertia and the radius of the circle the masses make when turning, the point mass approximation seems a pretty good tool to use to estimate Im. In this part of the experiment, error could have come from, like in the first part, ambiguity in the falling mass. It could also have come from improper placement of m1 and m2 to each other: if they were not evenly spaced from the centre of the tool, it could have changed the time measurements. These two sources of error could be the reason why some of the data did not lie exactly on the line of best fit on the graph. Conclusion Our experimental data from the first pass showed that using formulas derived from ideas of energy conservation and point-mass approximation are equally valid. The second pass verified the pointmass approximation relationship between. Error did not affect our results hugely, but it makes some assertions less concrete: not all of our data points lay on our line that affirms the relationship between Im and r2, and while our graphical measurement of 2m was close to the experimental result, it was not exact. Some of the error in this part of the experiment probably carried over from the first part, in that we used the t0 data from that part, and that came from a crookedly hung mass; this experiment shows that errors can follow you from one part of the experiment to another, so at all times it is best to be careful, even when at first it doesn’t seem to affect the data.

Essay/Firefighter Politics A Essays - Labour Relations, Arbitration

Essay/Firefighter Politics A Every election year brings on the same hurdle for the firefighter's union. The mayoral candidates approach the union and ask for their support throughout the election. This is a major decision the union (union representatives) has to make. The representatives of the union have to approach the membership with their recommendation for whom to support so that the candidate will have full support from the union. Hopefully, the candidate chosen by the representatives of the union wins the election. If the candidate chosen does not win the election, the elected candidate not supported by the union, understandably, he has little or no respect for the union at that time. In the 1993 election year the union had to make a major decision on whom to support for mayoral position, the one we chose was defeated. Because he did not win, there was a struggle between union and management. This did not come about because the union was looking to control the new administration, but the town wanted benefits given back which were negotiated with the mayor that we were supporting. The union's main goal during this time frame was to get the new administration to have some kind of respect for us when we went down to the town hall to resolve issues that arose. For the first few years, the only way the town would see it our way was when the arbitrator's decision was in our favor. This was quite often. Since 1993, I have been either on the executive board or vice president of the union and received experience in grievances, arbitration and negotiations. The town is forever taking us to arbitration and seldom winning. We have a contract that protects us. Our contract was negotiated collectively by the union and management. When a new administration controls the finances of the town, their first goal is usually to attack the benefits in our contract. The administration now, which is running the town of Johnston, took over in 1994. They thought that the firefighter contract was a lucrative one. The town leaders thought that they would win many benefits back by just taking us to arbitration. Along with this attitude, the town leaders had little respect for the union and the leaders of the union because of the reasons mentioned before. The town of Johnston's first task with the firefighters union was to negotiate a contract. They came after our Blue Cross insurance, pension, pay, and our promotional exam. They would soon find out that the firefighters union was in no position to just give benefits back to the town. They were in for a fight. These negotiations went on for an extensive amount of time. Being part of negotiations in the past, I knew that most concessions the town was asking for were part of negotiations and immaterial to them. After weeding out the non-essential proposals we were down to the bottom line. The raise was the last item left that would make or break the agreement. The negotiation team, which I was a part of, came up with a unique way to receive a raise. We were to receive no raise for eighteen months then go from a bimonthly payment schedule to biweekly a payment schedule, which gave the union a eight percent raise that year and a total of thirteen percent over a three year period. The town agreed and the contract was signed. The union and town ended the negotiations, with the union not conceding to any issues we felt were significant to us. This would be our first major victory. The town's next fight was not to pay the union members their longevity the way it was calculated in the contract. We went to the town leaders to rectify the situation but the administrators would not negotiate anything but what they thought the contract said. Since the town and the union could not reach an agreement, the union filed a grievance with the American Arbitration Association (this association will schedule a date and an arbitrator to hear the case) so that the two parties could resolve the issue. This was another major mistake the town made, in not having any respect for the unions advice in

Note Taking Example

Note Taking Example Note Taking – Coursework Example Proper planning and disciplined approach to tackle things is very important aspect of success in personal and professional life. One of the successful strategies that facilitates in the college and life is to take notes and create order for smooth completion of tasks. In college, the practice of note taking hugely helps to complete assignment and helps in the learning process. Note taking activities involve tools like notebook, pen and pencil. Notebook with loose sheets helps to change the order of priority. In the notebooks, only one side should be used for writing, keeping blank the other side helps to jot down notes while reading or points that that might help improve the writing. For scientific or mathematical writings, it is better to use pencil as formula or equations could easily be erased and corrected. Note taking is common practice in college and primarily is an activity that is used for outlining the process for efficient learning or writing. It is invariable done in oneâ €™s own words which are easy to understand. Thus, while teacher is teaching verbally, through white board or using power point, making notes helps to remember, review and revise the material taught. Moreover, taking notes while reading study material or important text, hugely helps in being comprehensive and clear in writing or learning the defined course material. It can be made in powerpoint also. Note taking activities are very important for students as it helps them to separate the essential and non essential information and produce a concise summary. In real life, notes help to plan day-today activities and complete essential tasks. Moreover, notes also help to plan the strategies for programs and projects at work and help complete them efficiently and timely.(words: 287)ReferenceFieldman, Robert S. (2002). Power Learning: Strategies for Success in College and Life. NY: McGraw Hill.

English Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

English Composition - Essay Example On the contrary, they should consider an argument as a learning process wherein they are able to learn some ideas from their opponents as they also teach them with new and well-researched information. Moreover, they also get the chance to improve their verbal communication and develop new strategies in articulating their arguments and counterarguments. The statements above describe an ideal scholarly argument but it is a fact that it is not just the scholars who argue. Argument is perhaps a common occurrence in people’s lives regardless of their education and status because of their differing ideas and convictions. For instance, in my own experience, I often argue with my mother. One of the arguments that we often have is my future life. She wants me to become a doctor because of the possibility of the many advantages it could give me but I want to major in marketing because that is what I am interested in. Oftentimes, I use logic to make her agree with me but sometimes we both get emotional and so, we are not able to settle the issue. Similarly, I can see that the use of logic works well in a scholarly arguments but being emotional will definitely overshadow

Diffences in the Spirometry Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Diffences in the Spirometry Results - Essay Example This may become difficult to achieve as the test procedures are often undertaken in infrequent settings (Standardizations of spirometry, 1994). For reproducibility in the spirometry results comprehensive training, reliability of the equipment and, well standardized measurement procedures are crucial and without any one of these dynamics, variations in the results of the spirometry are bound to occur (John, Bulton, Walter, Baker, 2006). In this project I will explore and analyze the variations that occur in the results of spirometry under different circumstances of use. In particular, I will focus on how these variations are influenced as well as different factors affecting these discrepancies. Such a study will give insights on the working of spirometry, a testing procedure that is rapidly gaining popularity and acceptance. The study will also test its usefulness and its weaknesses or flaws. It is also unclear that whether physicians are following any kind of guidelines or using othe r patient characteristics to determine when to use this technique for accurate results, which ultimately reflects upon the unreliability of the results obtained from spirometry based on practice differences (JOO, FITZGIBBON, & LEE, 2011.) Misdiagnosis resulting from inadequate spirometry test procedures can lead to inappropriate treatment and suboptimal patient outcomes. To promote optimal patient management and treatment, increase awareness of the differences between testing procedures or factors affecting the results of the procedure are to be determined ( Tinkelman , Price, Nordyre, Halbert, 2006). COPD is a condition which worsens with time and leads to decline in lung function and more than half of the COPD patients are often misdiagnosed as Asthma patients(National heart, lung and, blood institute, 2003), that is why it tends to be underdiagnosed and under treated Top of Form(JOO,FITZGIBBON, & LEE, 2011.) As spirometry depends on cooperation between the subject and the examine r, thus it depends on both technical as well as personal factors. If this variability can be diminished and results accuracy can be improved, then abnormalities can be more easily detected. (Miller, 2005) Top of Form Literature review: Spirometry is used in a variety of venues ranging from small clinical settings to large testing facilities for both screening and clinical evaluations. Physicians or other health care staff conduct the tests, help others in conducting it or just evaluate the results. But results of this testing procedure depend upon multiple factors and if any of these factors are affected the results are flawed or wrongly reduced leading to misdiagnosis (Townsend,2011). In some studies, it was observed that most relevant spiromtric results measured by general practitioners were comparable to those measured in pulmonary function laboratories. (Schemer, Jacobs, Hartman, Folgering, Bottema &,Van).In another study, positive effects of training on the spirometry test resu lts were estimated, this study also stated that spirometry in general practice does not satisfy the full criteria for acceptability and reproducibility. (Eaton, Garette, Mercer, Whitlock & Rea, 1999) But these studies were conducted as a research exercise so the findings may have some of its limitations. (SCHERMER TR, CROCKETT AJ, POELS PJ, VAN DIJKE JJ, AKKERMANS RP, VLEK HF, & PIETERS,2009). One study aimed to identify the

Argument Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument Response - Essay Example The point of bilingual education in part is to ease the transition of students whose first language is not English into the school setting, and while it might accomplish this goal, it leaves the students with more difficulty in the long run. As Le points out, it leaves the students inept in both languages to a certain degree. Le’s main audience seems to be non-minority citizens who might be voting in regards to bilingual schooling. He seems to be of the opinion that the push for bilingual schooling comes just as much from these English speaking citizens who feel that they should attempt to preserve the culture of non-English speaking students in schools. Le is of the opinion that one should learn one’s native language and culture in home and not in school. There is also the difficulty of determining which second language should the subjects be taught in. Though the majority of non-English speaking students in the US might speak Spanish, there would still be some school districts where the majority of non-English speaking students might speak Chinese or some other language. The question then becomes how school districts can have any sort of regularity to them if they are all teaching in different languages. When all of the particular needs of every single group is attempted to be accommodate d for, nobody ends up with what they really need. As far as points that Le made that weren’t as strong, he first points out English as being a difficult subject to learn. First, this is a matter of opinion, and isn’t necessarily true. English does not have gendered nouns which make languages such as Spanish, French, and German difficult for English speakers. That doesn’t even begin to touch on the difficulty of learning a tone language such as Chinese. Secondly, it is not so much the language itself as it is the spelling system. English is in need of a spelling

Influence Of Christianity In South Korean Politics Essay

Influence Of Christianity In South Korean Politics Essay Introduction South Korea as a country has a large number of Christian denominations unlike Japan or China where the dominant religion is Buddhism, Confucianism, or other traditional religions. The roles that the Christians played in Korea extends to social, economic and political field. This paper concerns with how Christian as a religion had an unprecedented influence in the political spheres in South Korea politics. South Korea apparently has more than 60,000 churches and is considered the most Christianized non western country.* Christianity was said to have entered Korea in the 18th and 19th century through China by the Roman Catholics. However it was met with a harsh treatment meted out towards these foreigners and even persecuted the converts. However, despite the persecutions the number of converts later increased more than before and for these missionaries they found a fertile land for the Christian as a religion to grow manifold and till today it remains so. The opening of the port in Korea led to the inflow of merchants who along with the trade came the influence of western ideologies, cultures and many others. It also lessened the oppressions against these Christians which created, in part, a condition that enabled the Christians to have more of a receptive welcome. Not only did they bring doctors, medicines from outside but also schools which would in the later stages play an important role for the Koreans in every aspect of their life-be it in economic, social, education, political and the likes. The political influence that came from outside of Korea further intensified for other foreigners to have a say in the political matters. And of course the degradation of the social order created a breeding ground for the rise of voices that were subdued before with the aid of foreign influence. The disadvantaged lots were more perceptive of these new changes and they knew that they were able to have a say in an otherwise country which was ma terially and ideologically held by the ruling classes-the Yangban class. It gave the lower discontented sections of the society freedom from the bondage of the Confucian social order. Education by the Christians and its introduction to democracy One of the major contributions that the Christian missionaries brought along in Korea was education and through this tool people were made to realize the importance of equality through education and the opposition of the elites. Education in olden days was available only to the rich and the elites of the Korean society with the usage of the Chinese scripts. With the mission to make the Koreans learn how to read bible the missionaries took efforts in making the hangul script available to all the common people. Through education the notions of human rights, liberty, equality, democracy and other western concepts came into force. It was involved in the propagation of activities such as the founding of politically independent newspapers which would serve an important means to either support the government or to criticize the wrongdoings of the government. Even the missionaries helped form unions for the workers for fair treatment and the rights of the workers. In education it provided the individuals with a cause for national independence with the protection of American missionaries. The large Christian presence in Pyongando province in part accounts for its prominence in the Independence movement during the early phases of Japanese rule. The Koreans had to undergo a lot of hardships during the Japanese rule and their economic and social was in a mess. . The independence club founded by the Christian missionaries was active in the remedying of corruption and compromised political order; this club had many Christians as its leaders. Although it was known that Catholics came first to Korea it was the Protestants that had a large growing number of converts who introduced the concepts of ideas concerned with national independence and other new liberal thoughts. In a way one can say that the role played by these missionaries were more of political than that of spirituality. One must however note that some of the Protestant Christian church lead ers at the later stage declared that any those Christians who were involved in activities other than spirituality should be banned from the churches as the church was supposed to be a place of worship and not a place for talks regarding issues that are related to labor, peace or international affairs. Christianity and Politics Even before the appearance of the two super powers in Korea, the political activity was very active even in North Korea. The church leaders were active in the participation of political activities that offered them quite a huge opportunity. The Soviet Union viewed Christian Church suspiciously because it wanted to establish a friendly relationship with Korea but the fact that Cho Mansik the then leader of CPKI (this CPKI was sponsored by church leaders) was a Christian and has a Christian background of his organization it was going to be a problematic situation for the Soviet Union as they viewed Christianity as something that was sympathetic towards the United States. The Soviets knew that the United States had introduced Protestantism to late Choson Korea and promoted it until the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941. In addition to that there were factors such as the growing influence of Christian leaders like Syngman Rhee and Yo Unhyong in the south as well. In this factor too, it became a necessary for the Soviets to not ignore the influence that Christianity as a religion was having over both North as well as South Korea. Syngman Rhee, the first president of South Korea was himself active in both the Independence club and the Youth Mens Christian Association (YMCA) and was educated in a school founded and run by U.S. Methodist missionaries. During the time of the Japanese rule the March First Independence movement of 1919 where the Christian churches played an important role posed a direct threat to the Japanese rule. Not only did it provided shelter to the intellectuals following their suppression by the Japanese but it also exercised an appeal to the people of Pyongando province who were very alienated from the mainstream of political or social life. During the early years of liberation the Christians had more support from the masses and had more potential in terms of political activities because of better education, experience in politics and administration which wasnt so for the other groups like the businessman, bureaucrats and policemen who were known to have collaborated with the Japanese durin g the colonial era. After the liberation of Korea from Japan and the outbreak of the civil war between the North Koreans and the South Koreans there was a huge displacement of the people from the north to the south because of the anti drive towards Christianity in north with its ideologies based on communism and these north Koreans had been the stronghold of Korean Christianity who formed the core of the church in the south. In fact Pyongyang was once the center of Christianity on the peninsula known as the Jerusalem of the East. These North Koreans supported Rhees efforts to establish an anti communist ideology. In his speech before a conference of Presbyterian churches he said that the most urgent problem that the South Koreans faced was that of the Soviet trained Red army which aspired to wipe out Christianity. He appealed to the church members for support of his government and to fight against communism. Rhees drive toward anti communism helped minimize the opposition to his government by the churches as they shared the similar ideologies.perhaps this explains a cordial relation between the government and the church during that time. During the reign of Park Chung Hee, the establishment of the Yushin system was criticized on the grounds that the system was corrupted and it violated human rights which involved kidnapping and torturing. In opposition to the government few incidents broke out in October which was to later have a major influence on other movements as such. The arrests of the church leader Rev. Pak Hyong gyu, Rev. Kwon Ho Gyong on 6th July 1973 on the charge of leading a rebellion against the government led many Christians to provide as many as 400 anti-Yushin leaflets causing the government to distort the actual incident through the usage of torture. Overtime the incident became very big that international body of church came in August 1st 1973 to investigate the matter. The government, due to pressures both from outside and inside the country, finally yielded to the demands and released the prisoners. This incident shows the crucial bitter battle between the Christian organizations and Park regime and the incident further promoted the churches dedication towards democracy and human rights. The opposition movement was indeed hugely responsible for the demand of the establishment of democratic institutions and that of the political and civil rights. Catholic politician Kim Dae Jung raised his voice against Park Chung Hee for intimidating the South Koreans through the Yushin system and he became famous for his campaingn against President Park and his strength at withstanding periods of imprisonment, exile, attempts to assassinate him and even death sentence. In 1997 Kim Dae Jung was elected and he was the first catholic to be elected as a president in South Korea. Even though he lost to his opponent the country would still have a catholic as its president for the opposition was also a catholic Lee Hoi Chang who lost to Kim Dae Jung by only 2 points. Kim Dae Jungs predecessor, Kim Young Sam was also a Christian, a Presbyterian leader who was elected as the president of South Korea in 1993 indicating the vitality of Christianity in South Korea. A liberation theory called minjung shinhak literally meaning the theology of people became a towering symbol of the rally of democracy, equality, social justice and human rights. Christian churches championed the causes for the people of Korea in political, economic and in social spheres. It was a strong supporter of democracy and campaigned against the authoritative, oppressive and military rule of the Korean government. Besides the university students the church as an organization forms the biggest group to oppose and criticize the government openly. It was also to be seen that most of the prisoners who were prisoned for engaging in anti government activities were church leaders, priests, students and journalists. Conclusion As we have seen Education was a very important instrument that the Christian Missionaries used to educate and produce intellectuals that would later participate in the political spheres. They would then probably have reflected those ideologies that they have imbibed during their education years in their political decisions as well. Some of the known Universities in South Korea that have Christianity as their background are Yonsei University and EWHA University among others. The alumni of these universities have enjoyed various social as well as political privileges. They have served in national cabinet and South Korea had the first female prime minister in Han Myeong Suk (also an alumnus of EWHA). The conception of freedom and basic rights as universal is central to Christian doctrine and perhaps its one of the many reasons as to why the Koreans after years and years of suppression found something in Christianity that they could finally be free from the subjugation and rule from foreign powers. Christianity has been used as a political tool by countries not just in Korea but also in other countries and is a powerful one that can be used for the betterment of society or for worse. In the case of South Korea it played a major role in the wake of liberalization from Japanese colonial rule and also in terms of monetary reliefs after the civil war where both the countries plummeted in poverty. The crossing of the South Korean priest and political activist Han Sang Ryol recently into North Korea from Beijing to Pyongyang who was of the view that Lees government was responsible for anti-reunification and upon which he was arrested for the violation of national security law is still a continuing evidence that Christian as a religion is still a tool that is being used for political purposes. With time one might even hope that Christianity serve a common ground for resolving problems between the two countries. However, it is of an importance to see that Christianity when used as a means for political reasons when actually it should be more of helping someone grow in faith it becomes a mere tool for other politicians to use for political gains and eventually peoples trust in the government would fail (which happened often in South Korea) and keep distance away from religion altogether as it has become something impure and a religion for the elites when it in fact started as an instrument to help the down casted lot. We all know how media especially the newspaper can harm or gain favor for the government in power and this knowledge is used to the maxim by the government to either financially support or threaten the opposing forces and in this case it was mainly directed towards these Christian organizations. South Korea as a country with a large number of Christians can spell trouble for the government if they go against some principles which would lead to mass protests and if there had been any casualties that government would face dire consequences; thus it became a necessity for the government to not take up policies or engage in activities that would anger these organizations and would even go to the extent of buttering them. In all one cannot ignore the major influence Christianity had in Korea-both North Korea (because the paper deals with only Christian influence in South Korea context much has not been written for North Korea) as well as South Korea in almost all aspects. Although one criticizes the motive behind the conversion from their tradition to Christianity stating reasons like easy access to monetary, position and other worldly gains (it is certainly true to some extent in that if the Christian missionaries have not made their appearance the history as we know of Korea might totally have been a different one) there have been some genuine reasons like the spread of equality, democracy, human rights and the likes. Despite the many accusations made against the Christianity as an organization in catering to the needs of other motivated politicians one cannot but help to remind that minus the Christians in economics, social, and even political spheres South Korea might not have been able to achieve such success in a matter of a short time which might be boisterous to say at one point but because the contributions it had made towards the development of South Korea had been enormous one cannot dismiss its role that easily. It is thus impossible to paint the whole of South Korea without a Christian element in it and the roles it had played significantly in other aspects besides the role of spiritualism.

Biodiversity Essay -- plants extinction ecosystem

Biodiversity Imagine this: you step outside and feel the barren, rough, red Earth beneath your feet. There’s not a single plant in sight—no rustling of the leaves, no mighty towering trees to block the severe winds, and the scorching heat of the sun searing upon your face because there’s no shade. And when you take a whiff of air, you feel nothing filling up the space inside your lungs, liberating your body’s activities. What’s wrong with this picture? It’s not possible, of course. Even though plants aren’t the building blocks of life, they’re pretty close and without them, most of life wouldn’t exist—YOU wouldn’t exist. In my research, I will go in-depth about biodiversity—which defines as a quantity of the relative diversity among organisms present in various ecosystems (WordIQ). My research will focus mainly on the importance of plants/concern over plant extinction, rare, threatened, and endangered species, wa ys to prevent this from happening around our area, among other things. Why plants are essential to biomass/distress over plant extinction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may already know, plants are essential to the biomass through a list of numerous reasons. Plants provide for many important aspects of life, such as oxygen, food, medicines, beauty and tranquility. So what’s the agony over just a couple of vanished plant species? Research shows that if plant species continue to decline in major ecosystems, it could lead to the sixth mass extinction on planet Earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to experiments and statistics conducted by scientists, 28 percent of plants have decreased over the last 20 years. These results were supported by extensive destitution of habitats affected by human activities (Ananthaswamy, 2004). Each year, an estimated 17,000 to 100,000 species perish from our planet (World IQ, 2004). Reasons for US-wise status of rare, threatened, and endangered species and process of listing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some reasons for these â€Å"rare, threatened, and endangered† plant types are caused by nitrogen pollution. Based on recent studies experimented by some UK colleagues of the Open University in Milton Keynes, they found the soil/plant richness of high nitrogen-pollution concentrated areas was much lower than that of low-pollution concentrated areas. These results were drawn from samples taken from 68 different grassland sites. The number of species in each site ... ... even to provide shelter, shade, and clothes for us, among other things. Without them, we wouldn’t be here. They give so much for us, yet we give very little back to them. So if you have a bit of time on your hands someday, go out and plant a tree or do something that’ll give back to the ecosystem! Bibliography Entries Anathaswamy, A. (2004). â€Å"Earth Faces Sixth Mass Extinction†. New Scientist. â€Å"BGCI becomes an Associate Participant in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)†. BGCI Online. (2004). â€Å"Community Partnerships†. DeKalb Greenspace. (2001). â€Å"Definition of Biodiversity†. WordIQ. (----). Fisher, P (2004). â€Å"Landowners Receive More than $7 Million to Conserve Imperiled Species Through the Fiscal Year†. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. â€Å"Listed Species in Dekalb County†. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2004). Palmer, T (2004). â€Å"Grant Awarded to Save Rare Plant†. The Ledger Online. page 4. â€Å"Summary of Listed Species: Species and Recovery Plans as of 9/22/04†. Threatened and Endangered Species System (TESS). (2004). â€Å"Species Information: Threatened and Endangered Animals and Plants†. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2004).

A1 Steak Sauce

A1 Steak Sauce and Marinades| To:| Smith, Chuck | From:| | CC:| | Date:| | Re:| Lawry's Defense| Comments:| Issue Lawry is attempting to release a new steak sauce that should penetrate the market by early April. Obviously a new player in the market is not a major concern to A1/Kraft, having over 50 percent of the market share. The best case scenario for Lawry is that they will only gain ten percent of the market share. The direct threat for A1 lies with Lawry’s marketing tactics. Lawry is attempting to launch a Memorial Day advertisement with Publix, offering a two-for $5 promotion.The issue is that retailers generally support only one brand in a particular category in a given week. In recent years A1 has always locked in that spot. Aside from Lawry’s promotion dates, their promotion price is also a major concern. A1 sells over ten percent of their yearly volume each promotion during the summer holiday promotion weeks of Memorial Day and the Fourth of July. Generally A1 would run a fifty cent off promotion with the unit sale price lowered to $4. 49. As the category leader in the steak sauce, A1 has been able to continually increase sales revenue by relying on price increases.The price increase is the primary way that A1 is able to increase revenue since volume has been stagnant the past few years. [Appendix A is a SWOT analysis displaying the internal and external factors that contributes to A1’s current dilemma] Evaluating Alternatives A1 Steak Sauce has several alternatives to evaluate. A1 can be proactive or reactive. By taking the proactive approach, A1 can beat Lawry at its own game of strategic pricing. Option 1: A1 can directly price match and copy the promotions of Lawry. A1 Steak Sauce will considerably drop its prices, which will clutch all of Lawry’s forecasted sales.However, it will not only affect Lawry but it will decrease A1’s potential of future revenue too. Option 2: A1 can do a similar price match of a  "two-for† special. Rather than a two-for-$5, A1 could shoot for a more reasonable approach of two-for- $8. Although both scenarios will require the same amount of units sold (sold in pairs) in order to breakeven. [Appendix B shows Pro Forma for Option 1 and Appendix C shows a Pro Forma for Option 2] A1 can also take a reactive approach by increase its advertising while Lawry is running its two-for-$5 promotion.A1 Steak Sauce can pay for more efficient shelf spacing in the retail outlet. This will include end caps, more facings in the stores, larger and increase signage (bigger and better than what they have done in years past). A1 can also use their brand recognition to their advantage by ensuring more restaurants that publically use A1 display their products, rather it’s on the menu or tables. Currently A1 spends roughly 15% of total revenue on advertising. Option 3: A1 could simply increase their percentage of revenue to marketing and adverting from 15% to 20%.This ap proach will decrease A1’s net profit by roughly 7. 5million (with the worst case scenario that A1 will not increase sales at all) but it will allow A1 to increase its brand awareness and make it substantially harder for Lawry to penetrate the market with its new steak sauce. [Appendix D displays A1’s pro forma with the original 15% of revenue funding its marketing while Appendix E displays an increase to 20% of revenue funding marketing initiatives]Recommendation: Based on the financial analysis of each option, Option 2 would be the best approach for A1.Although each scenario is profitable, Option 2 has more incentives than the other options. Option 2 would be a better deal for A1 because it will generate over 17 million dollars more in profit than Option 1. It will take 38k units to breakeven or 19k pairs on sale for two-for-$8. The breakeven amount is not that far off from what A1 is already accustom to meeting. The price cut alone would be also be great incentive fo r the customers because they will save $2 ($1 per unit) rather than the normal fifty cent.That $2 reduction will be very favorable for A1 granted that it’s will go into effect during the holiday season when shoppers are looking for a bargain, especially while the cost of beef is going through inflation. Additionally, the amount of money spent on advertising will not increase compared to Option 3, so A1 can stick to their normal tactics and not have to focus on cutting cost elsewhere to cover the increase in advertising. | APPENDIX Appendix A: SWOT Analysis

Making health Essay Example

Making health Essay Example Making health Paper Making health Paper Making health, safety and security practices a major part of the orientation process for new and existing employees. Health, safety and security orientation introduces all employees to the intricacies of, in this case, the travel agency business. Not only is this an opportunity to introduce to all employees to the general practices of the business it also is a great time to outline the companies health and safety policies and procedures. Implementing a clear comprehensive orientation program has a positive and rewarding affect on the employees and their well being.   Research shows a positive impact on employee’s success during their tenure on the job. Providing information on health and safety procedures to new workers at the start of their work life is prudent.  Ã‚   In comparison to long time workers, nearly twice the expectancy for new employees to experience an accident on the job likely, It is important to emphasize to employees that they can talk freely about health and safety and that they have an assessable system in place that provides an open transparent conduit by which they can voice their concerns. It is important to provide a formal, scheduled meeting, or even an ad hoc open session to receive regular feedback.   Simple forms posted on bulletin board announcing discussions on health and safety issues are encouraged. Summary Steps: Provide a comfort level for employees with health, safety and security questions Encourage discussion about health, safety and security. Address employee concerns immediately. Promote safe place of work as everyone’s concern Implement ongoing training in safe and secure methods of work. Encourage employees to implement sound daily health and safety principles. It is critical supervisors and managers to remember health, safety  and security matters are to be regularly discussed.   As leaders, they are the first to be notified when this matter is addressed. The desired goal following training and orientation is for employees have knowledge of the following issues: The security operating procedures for their position in the agency.   What the procedures are for health, safety and security emergency concerns.   Awareness of safety and security procedures for reporting accidents in the work place.   Possible and hazards present in this workplace.   What personal protective equipment should be worn, its location and how do I wear it, and maintain it.   What to do if there is an emergency or if injured. Roles and responsibilities of staff Employers and employees An employer’s principal duty is to take all reasonably practicable steps to protect the health and safety of their employees at the workplace. This duty requires employers to provide a healthy and safe working environment. Employers and other people Employers must take all reasonably practicable steps to ensure other people (such as visitors or members of the public) at or near the workplace  Ã‚   are not exposed to health and safety risks. Employers must establish health and safety management practices to protect these other people. The employer’s duty of care also extends to the work of contractors, subcontractors and the employees of those contractors or subcontractors who may be engaged by that employer. This duty of care does not lessen the duty of care imposed on the contractor or subcontractor who is also an employer. EMPLOYEES’ SAFETY’ REPRESENTATIVES Members of a travel agency numbering 10 or more may elect an  employees’ safety representative, the legislation gives employees’ safety  representatives the power to be consulted; to inspect the workplace; to obtain information; and, in consultation with the accountable person in the workplace,  direct work activities to stop if a risk of serious injury or harm exists. RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS The responsible officer performs the duties of the employer set in policy, although the appointment of a responsible officer in no way diminishes the liability of an employer. Policy allows employer discretion in the appointment of a person as responsible officer.   If an employer, other than one operating a designated workplace, does not appoint a responsible officer, the person responsible for the direction and management of that workplace is deemed to have been appointed as the responsible officer. Where an employer makes a formal appointment, they must tell the person in writing of their appointment. The employer must also make others at the workplace aware of the appointment. Legal obligations ramifications of failure to comply DUTY OF CARE A duty of care is a legal responsibility. The duties exist under common law.   The duties require all people in the workplace to take practical steps to ensure health and safety measures are met. Each person under a duty must meet it, even if others also share duty. The general duties are limited by ‘reasonable practicability’. To carry out a duty as far as is reasonably practicable means: Balancing the degree of risk in a particular activity or environment against measures taken to control it.  Doing only what is possible or capable of being done safely. The ‘reasonable practicability’ test must take into account: The nature of the job or the particular aspect of the job concerned The severity of any potential injury or harm to health or safety that may bebinvolved, and the degree of risk that exists for such potential injury or harm What is known about the injury or harm to health or safety that may be involved; what is known about the risk of that injury or harm occurring; and what is known about preventing, removing or reducing that injury, harm or risk? REGULATIONS The function and purpose of regulations is to give details of requirements that must be observed in the workplace.   Regulations are the second tier of current legislation. While they are subordinate to the existing laws, they still represent legal requirements, and failure to comply will generally be an offence punishable by a fine. The Act (Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995, is about making workplaces and work practices safer for everyone.) (The State of Queensland (Department of Employment and Industrial Relations) 2006. broadly outlines the legal obligations employers and workers have to workplace health and safety. The Regulations set out goals for meeting these legal obligations and making workplaces safe.   Employers and workers can tailor safety measures to the needs of individual workplaces provided the outcomes specified in the Regulations are achieved. CODES OF PRACTICE Codes of practice may consist of any code, standard, rule, specification or provision for workplace health and safety. The Act enables the Minister for Infrastructure (the Minister) to approve codes of practice that give practical guidance on workplace health and safety to employers and employees. Before approving a code of practice, the Minister must consult with employer and employee organizations, and advertise his or her intention to approve the code of practice. Codes of practice may be used as evidence in legal proceedings to show that a person has failed to meet a duty of care. Failure to follow a code of practice does not necessarily mean a breach of the Act. (The State of Queensland (Department of Employment and Industrial Relations) 2006 Participative arrangements of health, safety and security Function of health, safety and security responsible officer Perform the duties of the employer in relation to health and safety at the workplace, Workplace Standards recommends that employers: consider the authority level a responsible officer needs to perform their functions  make the appointment at the appropriate level in the organization  give the responsible officer sufficient authority to carry out their duties. Workplace Standards recommends that the position be given to the chief executive or the most senior manager at a particular workplace.   In the case of a small organization, the business owner would logically appoint himself or herself. Used wisely, the responsible officer concept is a powerful tool, helping the organization delegate workplace health and safety matters effectively. Used unwisely, the responsible officer concept can frustrate employees ho may have the responsibility but lack the authority to carry it out their assigned duties. Or on the other hand, senior management makes it difficult for a responsible officer to carry out their duties effectively.

How to Write a Lab Report in Microbiology Essay Example

How to Write a Lab Report in Microbiology Essay Example How to Write a Lab Report in Microbiology Paper How to Write a Lab Report in Microbiology Paper This should only BEA few sentences long. Example: There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from the knowing the causative agent of a disease in a patient, so as to know how it can be treated, to knowing the correct microorganism to be used for making certain foods or antibiotics. This study as done by applying all of the methods that have been learned so far in the microbiology laboratory class for the identification of an unknown bacterium. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is where the details of the study are listed. Where did the specimen come from, and what methods were used to identify it? Be specific, but do not re write the lab manual. One way is to mention the names of the materials used and reference the lab manual for the procedure or method and then continue to elaborate when necessary. See example 1. Example 1: An unknown labeled as letter G was given out by the lab instructor. The methods that have been earned thus far for identifying bacteria have been applied to this unknown. Procedures were followed as stated in the course laboratory manual by De Mere (1), unless otherwise noted. The first procedure that needed to be done was to streak the unknown out on a Triplicate Soy Agar plate, using the T streak method described in the lab manual.. This needed to be done in order to test the purity of the unknown. After the plates were incubated and grown, the morphology was observed and recorded and a Gram stain was performed. Quality control bacteria were Gram stained along with the unknown to make sure that the Gram stain action was done correctly . After determining the Gram reaction, specific biochemical tests were performed. The biochemical tests were chosen from the unknown identification tables that were in the lab manual. Since unknown G was determined to be a Gram negative rod, an oxides test was performed and the organism was inoculated into a BCC lactose tube. Note all of these tests were performed by the methods listed in the lab manual by De Mere (1). Table 1 lists the test, purpose, reagents and results. All of the following tests were performed on this unknown: 1. Oxides test 2. BCC Lactose 3. Indolent 4. HAS 5. Citrate . Motility 7. Methyl Red 8. Urea Another way is to write out the methods in detail in either a paragraph form or listed. This way is not necessary for this type of paper, since this is lab report for the identification of an unknown bacterium and the methods are explained in detail in the lab manual. If there is a procedure that the instructor added or made changes to, or the student used another procedure not in the course lab manual, then it should be written out and referenced. See some of the examples of papers identifying an unknown from the web sited below. RESULTS This is where the results are summarized. The method results should be in a table format (see examples below). This is also where the flow chart showing how you arrived at the answer is stated. A short paragraph explaining how the results are presented can be included. Example: Unknown G had the following morphology on a TTS plate: medium sized opaque cream colored colony. After determining that it was a Gram negative rod, an oxides test was performed and it was inoculated into a BCC lactose tube and onto a TTS slant. Table I lists all of the biochemical tests, their purpose and results. The results are also shown in a flow chart form. Example: Table 1: Biochemical Test Results TEST PURPOSE REAGENTS OBSERVATIONS RESULTS Gram stain To determine the Gram reaction of the bacterium Crystal violet, Iodine, Alcohol, Seafaring Pink rods Gram negative rods Oxides test To determine the presence of stockroom c Oxides paper Purple / black color change Positive oxides test BCC Lactose To determine the ability of a bacterium to ferment a specific carbohydrate None Color change from purple to yellow lactose ferment Indolent Test To determine the ability of an organism to split indolent from troposphere Kavas added to 1 ml of Trenton broth Red Ring at top f broth indolent test ETC. Another type of table: Table 1: Physiological and Biochemical Results TEST REAGENTS OR MEDIA TEMP OBSERVATIONS RESULTS INTERPRETATIONS Citrate Citrate slant (green) ICC Color changed from green to blue Positive Organism is able to utilize citrate as a carbon source Methyl Red MRS.. ICC After adding methyl red to one ml, color changed from light yellow to a darker yellow Negative Organism is not able to produce large amounts of acid from glucose fermentation FLOWCHART UNKNOWN G Gram stain Gram negative Rod Oxides test (positive) Positive Negative Cacciatore friendlier Protests vulgarism Interacted arrogates Protests miracles Escherichia coli Seriate marches Kielbasa exotica Moreland inorganic Kielbasa pneumonia Pseudonymous originals Pseudonymous refinances Indolent test ( Positive) Escherichia coli Cacciatore friendlier Kielbasa exotica Interacted arrogates Citrate Test (negative) Kielbasa exotica Escherichia coli Motility Test (positive) Escherichia coli Methyl Red Test (positive) Unknown B Escherichia coli DISCUSSION / CONCLUSION This section interprets the meaning of the results. The following questions should be answered here: How did the test result lead to identification? Was it the correct identification? If not, why not. What problems were encountered? This is also where the background information on the organism (environment/ pathogenic) that was identified is mentioned. Example of a discussion: After several differential tests, it was concluded that unknown G was Escherichia coli. After performing the Gram stain to determine that the unknown was a Gram negative rod, the organism was grown on a TTS slant for use in inoculating the rest of the biochemical tests. All of the biochemical tests worked well except for the indolent test. It gave a false negative result at first.

PDA Slim 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PDA Slim 4 - Essay Example I decrease the price of X5 item 10%, increased the X6 by 10% and decreased the X7 price by 20%. During this simulation run I accelerated the X7 results and was able for the first time to obtain positive profits for X7 in the first round for the first time. I was able to do by lowering the price in the initial run by 20% for an overall price of $136. The market saturation growth doubled from 4% to 8%. My cumulative profits after the first round were $341 million. After completing the first round I studied the behavior of the X5 marketplace. I noticed by analyzing the historical data that the last two times I ran the simulation after the second round the results for the X5 product were negative. Independent of the price movement upwards or backwards the product became unprofitable and saturated. Based on this information I learned that this was a clear indicator that the best course of action was to eliminate the product out of the market since its existence was detrimental to the cumulative profits of the company. The profits I achieved during this round amounted to $194 million of which the X6 contributed $107 million, while the X5 provided $87 million. In the third round of this simulation I noticed that the internal information provided by the advisors of handheld became more useful and insightful. I would imagine the reason the information became more useful is that the management of the company now had more time to concentrate of their efforts in a more simplified strategy since more time could be spend in analyzing each product now. For example for the X6 the advisor told me that the customers pay more the X6 product than other comparable products. This originally made me raise the price of the item. Along with this comment another advice came in saying that the competition for the X6 has comparable products with more features. The added information was an indicator that a small decrease in price would provide greater value for the customers. I

Marketing Strategy of Samsung Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy of Samsung - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that  Samsung Electronics is a South Korean based multinational electronic products manufacturing and marketing company. It is the flagship subsidiary of Samsung Group and has been the world’s larges technology company in terms of revenue since the year 2009. The Samsung group was incorporated in the year 1969 and Samsung Electronics was founded in the year 1988. However the history of the company dates back to 1938, when it was founded by Lee Byung-chull as a trading company. It is presently headquartered at Suwon, South Korea and is headed by Gee-Sung Choi. The company has presence all over the world and employs around 221,726 people. Some of the major products of the company include LCD and LED panels, mobile phones, semiconductors, televisions, digital cameras, tablet PCs, and home appliances among others.This essay stresses that in the context of its mobile phone division, the company has been witnessing colossal growths since the mid of 2000. According to industry experts, the major reasons behind the growth is the introduction of low and mid ranged phones and providing Android operating system with the high range phones. Another driving factor was the introduction of several phones at the same which allowed the company to make the availability of wide range of options for the customers. In addition, promotional technique, strong distribution network, and superior after sales service also played crucial roles.  ... According to industry experts, the major reasons behind the growth is the introduction of low and mid ranged phones and providing Android operating system with the high range phones. Another driving factor was the introduction of several phones at the same which allowed the company to make the availability of wide range of options for the customers. In addition, promotional technique, strong distribution network, and superior after sales service also played crucial roles. The company caters to business segment as well as consumer segment and targets almost all the age groups. Figure 1 – UK market Share of Mobile phone Companies (Source: Smith, 2012) The section below will carry out a SWOT analysis and will provide insights into the competitive landscape of the mobile phone industry of UK. 2. Situation Analysis 2.1 SWOT Analysis Strengths Samsung manufactures products in such a way that most of the operating system and application software can be easily integrated with it. This gives an edge to the company over its rivals. Especially, integration with the android OS allowed the company to gain high market share. Apart from that, another major reason for the company to embrace maximum mobile phone market share is their excellence in engineering department. This has led the company to ensure effective and efficient production. Hence, the research and development, along with the engineering department can be considered as an area of competency for the company (Tolentino, 2000). Another major strength of the company is the product innovation and design. With superior design and product features, Samsung has been able to surpass Apple’s sales figures in the US market, which is the home of Apple. The mobile phones of the company are eco

IKEA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IKEA - Essay Example IKEA helped people make their everyday life superior by offering a wide variety of products in home furnishing in their stores. IKEA is known to offer home furnishings that are designed well combined with great utility, quality and affordable prices so that it suits the pocket of the masses (Funding Universe, n.d). Company History Ingvar Kamprad is the founder of IKEA who started his career in business at a quite young age. He used to sell matches independently to his neighbours, that he would purchase in bulk and made profit out of it. Gradually his business started growing and he expanded it further by selling seeds, fish, decorative for Christmas and even ball pens and pencils which wondered many, back in the year 1935. From his younger days, he had been quite adept in employing his resources. At the age of 17, on the completion of his school, he was monetarily rewarded by his father. With that sum of money Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA. IKEA was derived from the initials of his fir st name and last name which is ‘I’ & ‘K’ and ‘E’ and ‘A’ was taken in a similar way from the name of the village and the farm named Elmtaryd Agunnaryd where he had grown up and was born. IKEA did not start out by selling furniture but instead it sold watches, wallets, pens, jewellery and other things that he bought at a low price and resold it for profit. The year 1948 marked the addition of furniture in its product line. Initially the furniture was manufactured locally and it was received positively by the customers. It was only in the year 1951 when Ingvar Kamprad focused on furniture and withdrew all the other products from its product line. In the same year, the first catalogue of furniture was published and then later in order to make its presence felt in the competition, the first showroom of furniture was opened in a village named Almhult. In response to such scenario, the other manufacturers and furniture stores pressurised the suppliers which led to the boycott of IKEA. This made IKEA to come to a critical decision of designing their individual line of furniture in 1955. This decision of designing their own furniture allowed IKEA to offer the products at low prices and improving the functions which ultimately made the company successful. The idea of flat-packed furniture came to Ingvar Kamprad when one of his employees sought a table to take home but which he could not fit in his car. He then thought of removing the legs of the table and then reassembled it back at home. IKEA started testing the flat pack furniture concept which proved beneficial for the company as it lowered the costs of labour, need of storage space, transportation and also reduced costs related to transport damage. The Lovet table was the first flat pack furniture product that was designed. The flat pack furniture range has gained a wide popularity across the globe as it not only cuts down on a lot of costs but also because the fu rniture is fashionably designed and the designs fit in efficiently and beautifully in the households. IKEA even has furniture that are made of sustainable resources making them environment friendly choice as well (IKEA Fans, n.d). Source: (IKEA, 2010). IKEA Stores/ Branches The first store of IKEA in Almhult had an area of 6700 square meters and had the biggest display of furniture in entire

Understanding Rhetorical Structures as They Pertain to Audience Essay Example for Free

Understanding Rhetorical Structures as They Pertain to Audience Essay This paper is about the understanding of the Rhetorical Structures as they pertain to audience, purpose, and context and how they affect the argument of whether taxes should be raised on higher income brackets in order to fund social programs for at-risk and underserved, low income children. I will discuss the relationship between the audience, purpose, and context to the context of the argument. Understanding Rhetorical Structures How do audience, purpose, and context affect the argument of whether taxes should be raised on higher income brackets in order to fund social programs for at-risk and underserved, low income children. I will discuss the relationship between the audience, purpose, and context to the context of the argument. Discussion The goal of this discussion is to see the relationship between audience, purpose, and context of should Taxes be raised for higher income brackets in order to fund social programs for at-risk, underserved, and low income children. The first audience for this group are wealth fortune 500 CEO’s. They are considered the in the higher income bracket in my opinion. They need to be educated on the understanding that even though most lower income families struggle, it is not because they are not trying. The economy has taken its toll on a lot of jobs here in the US over the past couple of years and even though they are working a full time job and sometimes two full time jobs, they cannot afford any kind of social program for their children. The present economy conditions are hurting the lower income families to the point that they struggle to make ends meet and can sometimes barley afford to put food on the table for their children. The higher income bracket would need to see just how little the additional taxes would take from them and what the benefits of those taxes could do for a low income family struggling to make ends meet. They still could possibly not be receptive to the idea, but giving them examples of the cost and benefits of such programs I think they would start to understand. The second audience for this group is the low income families of at-risk, and underserved, low income children. They need to be educated on the benefits that could come from the higher taxes. In my opinion, the higher income bracket can afford the higher taxes to fund some of these programs. The cost of living, food, gas, and housing all affect the income of many families in the US. If they understood what could come from the taxes, they could get some reissuance as to vote on such a bill if it came up to vote for the public. Education on the subject of the current tax laws would be a good example of what the different taxes brackets that are used today in the US. Lower income families would jump on the idea of being able to send their children to a soccer camp, or baseball camp. According to an article on â€Å"Taxing the rich is good for the economy†, raising taxes on the higher income bracket would reduce the taxes on low and middle income families. This would also allow for those families to keep more of their income to use towards these programs. All in all I think it would be a beneficial idea to entertain. The context of the economy, food, and taxes all play an important role in this argument. The higher income bracket would be resistant to the idea until they were presented with facts on the cost and the minimal decrease in income for them. The lower income families would be blessed with some relief with their children’s social experience and the ability to provide more learning resources to them.

The story of Summer Essay example -- Literary Analysis, David Updike

The story of Summer, by David Updike, is set during that idyllic time in life when responsibility is the last word on anyone's mind. And yet, as with all human affairs, responsibility is an ever-present and ever-necessary aspect to life. What happens when the protagonist, Homer, loses his awareness of a certain personal responsibility to maintain self-control? Homer's actions increasingly make him act foolishly, internally and externally. Also, how does Homer return to a sense of sanity and responsibility? To a degree, I would say that he does. At first, Homer's control over himself seems strong; he is only mildly aware of tempting situations. The reader begins to notice, however, that Homer's mind is still easily swayed by that most primitive of urges - sexual desire. The passage, "Homer looked up. Through the screen he watched Fred's sister Sandra as she came ambling down the path, stepping lightly between the stones in her bare feet," (293) is the first mild manifestation of Homer giving in to a loss of control to his sensual appetite. The next case of Homer's decreasing ability to control himself takes place on a tennis court. Throughout the game, the reader gets the impression that Homer was trying to get Sandra's attention through talented athletics, "On the tennis court she was strangely indifferent to his heroics." (293) Towards the end of the tennis match, Homer's eyes, once again, follow her as she is leaving, which leads him to double fault. This is the first time his decreasing self-control manifests itself in a somewhat harmful manner: namely, having hurt his score. Homer comes even closer to abandoning self-control during the night when he watches Sandra in bed. Homer's decreasing self-control is beginning t... ...e of sanity and self-control. Given the chance to show Sandra his affectionate lust, Homer withdrew his chance as one reads in the passage, "But to touch her, or kiss her, seemed suddenly incongruous, absurd, contrary to something he could not put his finger on." (296) Here Homer is becoming quite aware of the insanity which has driven his previous actions. Finally, Homer's inner turmoil is laid to rest and his sanity fully returns as his affection is returned. At the very end of the story, as Homer and Sandra are sitting on a couch together, her foot comes into contact with Homer's back. "But to Homer's surprise Sandra's foot remained, and he felt, in the faint sensation of exerted pressure, the passive emanation of its warmth, a distant signal of acquiescence." (296) Homer still had a desire for Sandra, but it would not consume him as it had in times before.

GLUT 4 in Muscle Cells Essay -- Biology

Hypothesis During muscle contractions cytosolic calcium and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels increase. Exercise also increases GLUT 4 production, which allows more glucose to be metabolized in the muscle cell. The purpose of this study was to determine whether calcium and AMPK cause the increases in GLUT 4 production in the cell. The hypothesis regarding GLUT 4 being tested in this research article stems from related research, which showed that GLUT 4 and mitochondria increase due to repeated bouts of muscle contraction. Since raising calcium levels in the cytosol of the cell increases mitochondria, GLUT 4 is may increase as well. The hypothesis that is being tested with this research was that GLUT 4 will be increased in skeletal muscle cells due to induced increases in the cytosolic calcium levels. These calcium levels are increased in cells naturally due to exercise. Since exercise also increases activity of AMPK, the study tested the effects of increasing AMPK on GLUT 4 levels in skeletal muscle. Methodology GLUT 4 levels were determined after exposing muscle cells to the various stimuli. In order to test whether the various stimuli increased GLUT 4 muscle cells were either exposed to a single stimulus, a stimulus with an inhibitor specific of the stimulus, or no stimulus (control). Then the GLUT 4 protein levels in each set of cells could be tested in order to determine the effects of each stimulus. Various chemicals that are known to be produced in a muscle cell during normal exercise were used as stimuli. Caffeine, which produces increased cytosolic calcium, was used to simulate the normal increase in calcium in a cell during exercise. An... ... activity effect GLUT 4 protein. The results of this study show that during exercise GLUT 4 in muscle cells was increased by increases in cytosolic calcium levels as well as the activation of AMPK. The transcription factors that are responsible for "making" GLUT 4 are also increased by these two chemicals. The increases were found to be regulated by CAMK an inhibitor of calcium. This is important for muscle metabolism and effects on diabetes. The capacity for metabolism in muscle cells is enhanced with training because greater amount of GLUT 4 in the muscle cell is important to respond to stimuli. Consequently more glucose is transported into the cell to be metabolized. This GLUT 4 increase is an adaptive response to the body's greater need for energy. Ultimately this results in more glucose, which means more energy for the cell to use.

How the family changed over time Essay

How the family has changed over time? The institution of the family has changed dramatically over last 50 years and the main sociological perspectives, functionalism, Marxism, feminism and interactionism have described this changes in terms of family structure, divorce rates, marriage rate and gender roles. Defining family in Britain is problematic as until 1960’s few sociologists questioned the importance of the benefits of the family. Family is a group of people living together related by blood or marriage who support themselves economically and emotionally. It was assumed that the family was evolving with the change in Britain. From the 1960’s , with increasing divorce rates, living together before marriage, single parent families, one person households , separation and migration, family traditionally seen as nuclear (based on two adults and children) became harder to define. Sociologists have concluded that the family has become harder to define in the more traditional sense. A family can now consist of any group of people living together and/or bringing up children. This could separate due to divorce and another family created through remarriage or cohabitation, with the introduction of step children or children born to the new parentage resulting in another family unit although the first one still technically exists. There are two basic types of family structure: extended and nuclear. Functionalists say industrialization changed the function of the family. In pre-industrial society the extended family was most prevalent. Families lived and collaborated in engendering goods and crops to live from, taking the surplus to market. In industrial society, the nuclear family becomes ascendant. Status for an individual in pre-industrial society was ascribed. Talcott Parsons (1956) presumed that in industrial society an individual’s status is achieved by their prosperity. The nuclear family is the best way to achieve prosperity as individuals. Family structure adapts to the changing circumstances. Changes in economic, political, and moral approach led to the transformation of the family structure. Postmodern times in which we live in a time of tolerance, emancipation of women, legalization and acceptance of homosexual relationships. All these changes meant that more and more people moved away from the traditional model of the family, universal fifty years ago. Statistics indicate an increasing number of households about 9. 2 million since 1961 but that is due to the increase amount of the divorce, migration, remarried people, single people and increase in length of life. At the same time the increase amount of households decreased their size and the average number of children due to widespread access to the contraception, abortion, aging population and costs associated with children’s maintenance. More women are also delaying having children because they focusing on work and education seeing role of the mother as a barrier. It is related to ‘child centric’ model of the family, which learn society to treat children’s as the most ‘precious’ , whom one must completely conform their lives to them . Most mothers deciding to give a birth at age 30-34. Although, life style changes have also caused decrease in married couples amount which is also related to religious approach, because from 1981, when only 49% of all marriages were civil marriages, at 2010, already 68,2 % of all marriages where civil marriages. However, married couple are still the most common type of the family. The functionalist view of the role of the family in society is that it maintains social order for benefits of all. The family is a tool for primary socialization and a key social institution in sustaining the value consensus (Harambolos 2008).Murdock (1949) claimed that family was universal. It is defined as a social group characterised by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction. A family lives in the same home, has economic co-operation usually through the division of labour where the man will take on the instrumental role and provide for the family while the woman will adopt the expressive role and take care of the home and family members. Unfortunately, that’s the most common image of division of labour for as much, men, are more likely to help at housework or child care presently, it still seen as a responsibility of women. Marxists would contest this viewpoint, arguing that the division of labour is capitalist dogma used to control the labour force and stop them from developing class consciousness. Marxism looks at the methods of control of the ruling class (bourgeoisie) in determining the way society is organised. The family is seen as part of the structure of society and is one of a number of social institutions which helps maintain the capitalists system. Marxists state that it is the requirements of the system that has come to shape the family in modern societies. From this perspective view, society revolves around the infrastructure and social superstructure. The family helps to maintain this system. Friedrich Engels (1884) provides a basis for the Marxist view of the family were strongly linked to the evolution of the capitalist system. He also explored the concept of monogamy and argued that the monogamous nuclear family developed with the emergence of private ownership of the ‘means of production’. Engels stated that this system is maintained by the socialisation of capitalist social norms and values. Marxists do not see this as benefitting the family at all, only the system, and therefore this helps support their theory that family exists as a largely negative institution. Both of these sociological perspective see the role of the family in the opposite way, but in the meantime both of them describing family as a unit of socialization. On the other hand functionalists assume that the family is a positive and beneficial institution in which family members receive nurturing, care and unconditional love which helps keep society functioning well. However, this is not always the case, when it comes to domestic violence, divorce and child abuse. All couples and families who were nuclear families or had potential to be were being ruined each day, providing that the functionalist’s view of a beneficial family was much overestimated. In comparison, Marxists state that family helps to maintain class differences in society as the rich can afford to give their children a better start in life than the poor, such as. pay for a better education, and get them a good job either in their own business or their friends business. Marxists believe the family socializes the working class to accept that it is fair that the classes are unequal. A different view on the family, presented by Feminists, focuses also on socialization but sees its effects in division of labour and gender role stereotyping. They states that family is bad for women. Girls and boys learn their different gender roles within the family through socialization. Girls copy their mothers, doing housework, whilst boys copy their fathers, doing DIY. They then learn that this is how male and female roles should be. Feminists believe that the family is male dominated- the term for this is patriarchal. Their theory is still relevant nowadays, because although more women are having careers it’s still expected from them to take care of children’s and home. Perceptions of roles is so deeply rooted in society that, despising the false image of a woman liberated, having range of capabilities which can freely pursue her dreams when in the end ,is still required from her to perform, in the meantime, the role of housewife. In contrast, interactionist state that the family assists in the construction of the identity for the social individual and looks at the society at a micro scale. In this perspective the family, through interaction helps the social individual to understand ‘self’ when feminists could argue that vision of how one should look like and behave originates from socialization. They also believe that family helps the social individual identify her/his social role without considering how institutions, class conflict and gender stereotyping influence on creation of those roles. In Great Britain the family is built on the concept of marriage with children had a very well-established position but during last century divorce rates increased 200%. Which is also reflected in the number of separations reported annually by 150,000 to 200,000 pairs per year. Some researchers place the cause of increased divorce on higher expectations (Fletcher, 1966). And given the rates of remarriage it is not the institution of marriage, or the ideology picturing lifelong happiness that is rejected, but an insufficient partner. (Denny1984) regards western style marriages based on romantic love as fragile because they are only held together by emotional ties. Another reason why divorce rates increased is that now considerably less social stigma and blame is attached to divorce. One of the main reasons for this phenomenon are changes in divorce law making it much easier to divorce now then for example 50 years ago. Statistics show that the number of children in divorcing couples declined from 153,000 to 104,000. However, this data does not take into account cohabitating couples whose separation is not recorded. The amount of cohabiting couples has increased significantly in recent years. In the majority of relationships still the most important are children’s. The average time spent with children nowadays by mothers is 2h 32 minutes and by fathers 2h 16 minutes when 50 years ago that that was only 25 minutes per day for both parent. Currently fathers are more involved in bringing up children, and the belief in the society that children are an extension of us and their success is our success modernized power image of the families. Is widely spread on the increasing number of single fathers to 178,000 from  60,000 from 1670. This shows how evolved the role of the father in the family. Increasingly, we find also reconstituted families where the connection partners cohabitation or marriage jointly raise children from a previous relationship. That happens because of the increased amounts of divorce and remarriage trends. Humans as far didn’t create any more successful structure t han family. But is nowadays family a well-functioning institution ? Very big influence on how present family looks like has mass media which are creating image how does family should look like which society is fallowing. Traditional family model become a consumption unit which glorifies children and parents are responsibility to make them happy and fulfill their all desires. All values and norms changed dramatically over time and people lost respect to institution like marriage. In conclusion family is still a basic part of the society but it evolved creating new forms of it. References: Haramolos, M & Holborn, M (2008) 7th Ed. Sociology, themes and perspectives, Harper Collins: London Scott,J. & Marshall, G (2009) Oxford dictionary of sociology , Oxford University Press: Oxford